UNLABELLED Urea and NaCl are elevated in the renal inner medulla. We now find that a high concentration of urea or NaCl increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse renal inner medullary (mIMCD3) cells in culture. Previously, high NaCl, but not high urea, was found to cause DNA double-strand breaks. We now tested whether high urea or NaCl causes oxidative damage to DNA or cellular proteins....

The rate at which urea enters the body pool of urea in sheep was investigated using isotope dilution techniques. Both single injection and constant infusion of carbon-14 urea were used. Urea excretion rates were calculated by measuring the urea in urine collected from a catheter in the bladder. Urea entry and excretion rates were measured in sheep fed rations containing 3.5, 9, 17 and 27% crude...

Marine elasmobranch fishes maintain high urea concentrations and therefore must minimize urea loss to the environment in order to reduce the energetic costs of urea production. Previous studies have identified a facilitated urea transporter in the kidney of the dogfish. We examined mechanisms of urea transport in the kidney of the little skate Raja erinacea using an isolated brush-border membra...

Urea kinetics were measured in normal women aged 22-34 years at weeks 16, 24 and 32 on either their habitual protein intake (HABIT) or a controlled intake of 60 g protein/d (CONTROL), using primed-intermittent oral doses of [15N15N]urea and measurement of plateau enrichment in urinary urea over 18 h (ID) or a single oral dose of [15N15N]urea and measurement of enrichment of urea in urine over t...

Two types of multilayer-film slides for measurement of urea nitrogen in blood are reported here: one for whole-blood samples, the other for plasma or serum. Urea nitrogen concentrations in plasma are determined almost immediately, without preparation of reagents or centrifugation of blood samples. Because the sample volume applied to the slide is not critical, reliable results are quickly obtai...

The recent loss of many effective nematicides has led to renewed interest in alternative methods of nematode management. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rapeseed and velvetbean green manures, and supplemental urea, on the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita. Green manures were incorporated with M. arenaria-infested soil using rates totalin...

Accepted: 21/07/2014 Abstract A study was conducted for 150 days in crossbred cows to assess the effect of high energy diet on production performance in early lactation. Eighteen crossbred cows within 10-15 days of lactation were selected and divided into three groups of six each. They were fed with concentrate mixture containing 65 % of total digestible nutrient and 17 % crude protein with 35 ...

a phosgene-free synthesis of symmetrical n,n'-disubstituted urea by the reaction of aromatic and aliphatic primary amines and urea promoted by  microwave irradiation in the presence of a suitable energy-transfer solvent such as n-n-dimethylacetamide is described.

Although urea transport is receiving increased attention in mammalian systems, very little is known about urea transport in fish tissues. This study examined mechanisms of urea transport in red blood cells and hepatocytes from the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula), Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina), turbot (Scopthalmus maximus), redfish (Scianops ocellatus), gulf toadfish (Opsanu...