This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-performance fully-integrated 0.18μm CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low supply voltage and low dc power consumption. To enhance the transconductance (gm) of MOSFETs and negative conductance (-Gm) of a cross-coupled pair, the device size of the nMOS cross-coupled pair is enlarged. For reducing the supply voltage and minimizing t...

With the dramatic increase in the number of transistors on a chip and the increasing needs for battery-powered applications, low-voltage circuit design techniques have been widely studied in recent year. However, these low supply voltage research efforts have been focused mainly on digital circuits, especially on high density memory circuits. Reported success in achieved high performance low vo...

A CMOS operational amplifier with input/output rail-to-rail range is presented. The circuit operates with a 1-V single supply. It uses dynamically biased input level shifters, controlled by a novel tuning scheme, to extend the input common-mode voltage range from one rail to the other. The tuning circuit takes the total biasing current of the amplifier input stage and, hence, its small-signal r...

A microcontroller based advanced technique was designed and developed to protect the house hold appliances, such as water-pump from fluctuation of line voltage. This device was tested with upper and lower cutoff voltages set at ±10% of the normal supply voltage (220V, AC) and with an over-load current up to 10A. The current sensor’s output was monitored by the PIC12F675 microcontroller and used...

In most low-power VLSI designs, the supply voltage is usually reduced to lower the total power consumption. However, the device speed will be degraded as the supply voltage goes down. In this paper, we propose new algorithmic-level techniques for compensating the increased delays based on the multirate approach. We will show how to compute most of the discrete sinusoidal transforms through the ...

In this paper we will consider how to select an optimal set of supply voltages and account for level conversion costs when optimizing the schedule of a resource dominated data path for minimum energy dis-sipation. An integer linear program (ILP) is presented for minimum energy schedules under latency, supply voltage, and resource constraints. The supply voltage assignment for each resource is m...

This paper discusses the Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) operation and control for Voltage sags compensation. DVR is a series connected power electronic based device that can quickly mitigate the voltage sags in the system and restore the load voltage to the pre-fault value. Voltage sag associated with faults in transmission and distribution systems, energizing of transformers, and starting of l...

Today’s low-voltage, high-current designs require DC IR drop analysis for off-chip power distribution systems in order to optimize end-to-end voltage margins for every device on the distribution. This article will introduce the basics of IR drop analysis, exemplify the significance of IR drop associated with IC packages and PCBs, and demonstrate typical IR drop simulations for the identificatio...

The design and application of level shifter circuit which is based on single power supply is presented in this paper different from conventional level shifter circuitry. A level shifter may be used to shift any voltage level to a desired level without any leakage current. To reduce the supply routing and layout congestion within the chip whenever level shifting is needed for different voltage i...

Supply voltage compensation is important to keep the accuracy for hot wire/hot film gas flow sensors. A compensation experiment device is established, the two steps curve fitting is presented to determine the functional relations among flow、sensor output and supply voltage, the coefficient of fitting polynomial is determined by Least Square method, thus eliminating the influence of supply volta...