It has been well established that nitrogen coordinated transition metal, TM-N4-C (TM = Fe and Co) moieties, are responsible for the higher catalytic activity electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. However, results obtained using density functional theory calculations vary from one to another, which can lead controversy. Herein, we assess accuracy of theoretical approach different class exch...

A basic result in graph theory says that any n-vertex tournament with in- and out-degrees larger than n−24 contains a Hamilton cycle, this is tight. In 1990, Bollobás Häggkvist significantly extended by showing for fixed k ε>0, sufficiently large n, all tournaments degrees at least n4+εn contain the k-th power of cycle. Up until now, there has not been progress on determining more accurate erro...

dubas bug, ommatissus lybicus de bergevin (hem.: tropiduchidae), is a key pest of date palms in iran.this pest was first reported on date palms in 1966 and has been established throughout the date producing regions in southern iran since. date palm is the only host plant of dubas bug. it attacks almost all date palm varieties, esp. mazafati variety in city of bam, kerman province and other vari...

1. Electrical stimuli delivered to the brain were used to activate the giant fibre of Drosophila. 2. The giant fibre drove a prominent wing opening movement. 3. Intracellular microelectrode recordings from direct wing opener muscle fibres showed that giant fibre activation of an anterior pleural muscle, pa3, was responsible for the wing opening movement. 4. The giant fibre drove a slight wing e...

During development, the Drosophila wing primordium undergoes a dramatic increase in cell number and mass under the control of the long-range morphogens Wingless (Wg, a Wnt) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP). This process depends in part on the capacity of wing cells to recruit neighboring, non-wing cells into the wing primordium. Wing cells are defined by activity of the selector gene vestigial ...

The Lyra mutation was first described by Jerry Coyne in 1935. Lyra causes recessive pupal lethality and adult heterozygous Lyra mutants exhibit a dominant loss of the anterior and posterior wing margins. Unlike many mutations that cause loss of wing tissue (e.g., scalloped, Beadex, cut, and apterous-Xasta), Lyra wing discs do not exhibit increased necrotic or apoptotic cell death, nor do they s...

We present a detailed analysis of the genome architecture, structural proteome and infection-related properties of three Pseudomonas phages, designated LUZ7, LIT1 and PEV2. These podoviruses encapsulate 72.5 to 74.9 kb genomes and lyse their host after 25 min aerobic infection. PEV2 can successfully infect under anaerobic conditions, but its latent period is tripled, the lysis proceeds far slow...

A mutant of Bombyx mori has wings with few scales and is named scaleless. We investigated the morphology of this mutant and found that it had many fewer wing scales than the corresponding wild type (WT) silkworm and that the remaining scales were smaller in shape with fewer furcations. Reciprocal transplantation of wing discs between scaleless and WT revealed that the WT wing disc could develop...

Inset appendages such as the wing and the leg are formed in response to inductive signals in the embryonic field. In Drosophila, cells receiving such signals initiate developmental programs which allow them to become imaginal discs. Subsequently, these discs autonomously organize patterns specific for each appendage. We here report that two related transcription factors, Escargot and Snail that...