[1] The solar wind is filled with strong current sheets and sudden velocity shears; often the two are co-located. Sudden velocity shears at 1 AU are statistically analyzed using ACE measurements from 1998 to 2008. The occurrence rates of passage and the orientations of the shear planes are examined. For shear layers with vector velocity changes |Dv| > 50 km/s, an average of 12 pass the Earth pe...

Mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (mobile DOAS) is an optical remote sensing method that can rapidly measure trace gas emission flux from air pollution sources (such as power plants, industrial areas, and cities) in real time. Generally, mobile DOAS is influenced by wind, drive velocity, and other factors, especially in the usage of wind field when the emission flux in a mobil...

Wind-driven sand transport generates atmospheric dust, forms dunes, and sculpts landscapes. However, it remains unclear how the flux of particles in aeolian saltation-the wind-driven transport of sand in hopping trajectories-scales with wind speed, largely because models do not agree on how particle speeds and trajectories change with wind shear velocity. We present comprehensive measurements, ...

[1] We estimated the air‐sea gas transfer velocity for oxygen using 3 consecutive years (September 2003 to August 2006) of high‐quality oxygen measurements from profiling floats in the central Labrador Sea. Mixed layer oxygen concentrations exhibit strong seasonality characterized by biologically and thermally driven evasion during spring/ summer and invasion during fall/winter caused by coolin...

Leakage of underwater crude oil pipes causes severe pollution to soil and water, and results in great economic loss. To predict the diffusion area of spilled oil before it reaches the water's surface and to reduce the time required for emergency response, numerical simulations were conducted on underwater spilled oil diffusion of bare crude oil pipes using FLUENT software. The influences of wat...

Observations with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) SWS spectrometer are used to constrain the velocity law and wind clumping of the well-studied Wolf-Rayet (WR) star WR 136 (HD 192163) (WN6). Because the free-free continuum opacity in WR winds increases steadily with wavelength in the IR, each point in the continuous spectrum may be regarded as forming in a pseudo-photosphere of larger radi...

This paper presents first results on the line profile shapes from a circumstellar envelope in bulk motion as modified by a microlensing event. Only geometrically and optically thin spherical shells in uniform expansion or rotation are considered here so as to emphasise the information content available in the profile shapes. In particular it is demonstrated that for the case of expansion, the l...

Both numerical and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of an omni-flow wind turbine designed to provide renewable electricity on the top of urban buildings like skyscrapers. The numerical approach was based on Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the turbulence flow was studied with several commonly used Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes turbulence models. The results of the ...

Wind profiles from an operational C-band Doppler radar have been combined with data from a bird tracking radar to assess the wind profile quality during bird migration. The weather radar wind profiles (WRWPs) are retrieved using the well-known volume velocity processing (VVP) technique. The X-band bird radar performed range–height scans perpendicular to the main migration direction and bird den...

Wind erosion is considered as one of the main processes of land degradation in different parts of the world. Among the most effective ways to control wind erosion is to cover land surface with natural vegetation area. In this study, 3 replica soil samples were collected, at a depth of 0-3 cm, from various land uses in Dehloran, Ilam Province, Iran. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil ...