" The very few existing time-series stations paint a compelling picture of important oceanic changes in physics, chemistry and biology. Yet these stations capture the time domain at only a single point. New strategies for observing the appropriate spatial correlation are required. " Ocean Sciences at the New Millennium, Ocean Sciences Decadal Committee 2001 Figure 1. The Coastal Ocean Observati...

Given the significant rise of the utilization of wind energy the accurate assessment of the wind potential is becoming increasingly important. Direct applications of wind assessment techniques include the creation of wind maps on a local scale (typically 5-20 km) and the micrositing of wind turbines, the estimation of vertical wind speed variations, prospecting on a regional scale (>100 km), es...

Untapped pine needles with high potential for energy generation in the hilly area are not only a waste of resource but also increase the chance of environmental hazards as forest fires and GHG emission. This study is conducted to propose a new hybrid system (PV/Wind/Biomass) using abundant pine needle resource as a replacement of existing roof-mounted PV/wind hybrid system and analyse the feasi...

Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical stru...

Estimates of the upwelling of bottom and deep water have recently been used to deduce the magnitude of area-averaged mixing activity and the required dissipation of kinetic energy that is input by winds and tides. Here we raise questions about this link between upwelling and the dissipation of energy. Several processes are discussed, each of which lead to the upwelling of water across neutral d...

1. introduction dust phenomenon which occurs in arid and semiarid lands of the world is closely related to climatic characteristics of the region. according to the world meteorological organization (wmo), whenever wind speed exceeds 15 meter per second and horizontal visibility reduces to less than 1 km in a station, dust storm is reported (goudie & mideleton, 2006). great storms are created wh...