This paper introduces a cost of contracting that originates from the possibility that a contracting partner may be able to …nd and exploit loopholes in contractual formulations. A potential buyer and seller want to trade a widget and prior to trade the seller can make an investment to create an improved version of the widget. We assume that buyer and seller cannot be sure that this improved wid...

BACKGROUND Crawford Williamson Long (1815 to 1878) was the first to use ether as an inhaled anesthetic for surgical operations. By not publishing his discovery for 7 yr, his pioneering work was largely overshadowed by that of Horace Wells (1815 to 1848), Charles Thomas Jackson (1805 to 1880), and William Thomas Green Morton (1819 to 1868). As a result, sites commemorating Long's discovery are n...

The present investigation aims to examine the heat flux mechanism in hagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flow of Williamson-type fluid across an exponential stretching porous curved surface. significant role thermal conductivity (variable), non-linear radiation, unequal source-sink, and Joules heating is considered. governing problems are obtained using Navier–Stokes theory, appropriate ...

We show that the Jantzen filtration of a Verma module (possibly singular) coincides with its radical filtration. It implies Conjecture on modules holds for all infinitesimal characters, while regular case was settled by Beilinson and Bernstein geometric methods reproved Williamson an algebraic approach.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect an elastic wall on peristaltic flow Williamson fluid between two concentric cylinders, where inner tube cylindrical with inelastic and outer a regular sine wave. For problem, coordinates are used short wavelength relative channel width for its length, as well governing equations in Navier-Stokes equations. results evaluated using Mathematic...