Female genital cutting (FGC) is a tradition practiced in parts of Africa, Middle East and Asia. Type III FGC, also known as infibulation, involves removing part or all of the external genitalia, generally, the prepuce, clitoris, labia minora, and majora. The remnant raw surfaces are sutured together (infibulated) using catgut sutures, thorns, or other adhesive concoctions to cover the urethra a...

The fraction (venom B) of spine venom from the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) caused contractions of the uterus of rats and enhanced vascular permeability in rabbits. The venom B-induced contraction of the smooth muscle was depressed by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis such as indomethacin or aspirin, but not by the anticholinergic agent, atropine. The fraction with the uter...

Caesalpinia is the name of a genus of enormous size and of ancient origin. It is named after the Italian naturalist, Andreas Caesalpino, of Arezzo (1519-1603). He was also a botanical collector, systematist and philosopher, chief physician to Pope Clement VIII, and a professor of medicine and botany in Pisa and Rome.[1] Caesalpinia consists of about 200 species, consisting of shrubs, tall climb...

The mechanisms of trauma resulting in IOFBs vary greatly and play a critical role in establishing the material responsible for injury. The most common place of injury is the workplace [6] and IOFBs ultimately result in 3.3% of all occupational injuries causing lost workdays [7]. Injury most commonly results from hammering (60-80% of IOFBs), but use of power tools and firearms also constitute co...

A new sea star species, H. djakonovi sp.n., was discovered in Rudnaya Bay in the Sea of Japan. This is a sympatric species of the well-known and common species Henricia pseudoleviuscula Djakonov, 1958. Both species are similar in body size and proportions, shape of skeletal plates, and life coloration, which distinguishes them from the other Henricia species inhabiting the Sea of Japan. Neverth...

Coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate as a consequence of local and global stressors. Using 26-year monitoring database, we analyzed the loss recovery dynamics coral communities across seven islands three archipelagos in French Polynesia. Reefs Society Islands recovered relatively quickly after disturbances, which was driven by corals genus Pocillopora (84% total recovery). In cont...

background: although many studies had been conducted on various aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in domestic dogs in the endemic areas of iran, investigations on cvl in wild canines are rare. methods : this is a cross-sectional study was conducted from december 2012 to 2013 in northeast of iran where human vl is endemic. wild canines were trapped around the areas where human vl ca...

this syndrome is a shock-like hyper metabolic myopathy triggered in susceptible animals by stress. capture myopathy (c.m.) is a commonly occurring condition in mammals following trapping and transportation. in this case 12 to 24 hours after transportation of red deer (cevus elaphus) and wild goats (capra ibex) clinical signs such as: muscular tremor, ataxia, recumbency, hyperthermia, tachyca...

In the face of ever-increasing threats to coral reef ecosystems, it is essential to understand the impact of natural predators in order to devise appropriate management strategies. Destructive population explosions of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci have devastated coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific for decades. But despite extensive research, the causes of outbreaks are st...