Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) have a key role in shaping the development and functional outputs of host microbiomes. Although metagenomic approaches have greatly expanded our understanding of the prokaryotic virosphere, additional tools are required for the phage-oriented dissection of metagenomic data sets, and host-range affiliation of recovered sequences. Here we demonstrate the applica...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY A PCR-based method of identifying ingested plant DNA in gut contents of Melanoplus grasshoppers was developed. Although previous investigations have focused on a variety of insects, there are no protocols available for plant DNA detection developed for grasshoppers, agricultural pests that significantly influence plant community composition. • METHODS AND RE...

The effects of zinc deficiency on hepatic cell mitotic and peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activities were examined in mice infected with Trypanosoma musculi or immunized with parasitic products. On a full-complement or pair-fed diet, infected and homogenate-inoculated mice showed mitotic activity gains of 7.9% to 80.3% and 6.5% to 99.0%, respectively. Infected and homogenate-inoculated mice o...

By using a highly specific radioimmunoassay the formation of tri-iodothyronine by the deiodination of thyroxine was studied in rat liver homogenate. Several observations suggest that the reaction observed is enzymic in nature. Pre-heating the homogenate for 30 min at 56 degrees C completely abolished conversion of thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine; the component of rat liver homogenate responsib...

present therapeutic methods for PTSD are not efficient enough to reduce or disappear all the symptoms.several peripheral factors can affect developing and treating PTSD, such as human microbiota. There is a growing volume of evidence showing the effect of gut microbiota on brain and behaviour.PTSD is associated with an inflammatory state in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid.also, there is ev...

In this research, gut lengths and numerical occurrence of gut contents (NO%) of Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle and Nerophis ophidion were examined. The specimens were captured with beach seine net in different habitats (vegetated and sandy-vegetated etc.) at the coasts of Aegean Sea between 2006-and 2008. The zooplanktonic preys were mostly consumed by Syngnathus acus and Nerophis ophidion,...

There is very limited knowledge about possible pharmacokinetic interactions between opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used in combination for the treatment of chronic pain. The major metabolic pathway of the weak opioid codeine is glucuronidation to codeine6-glucuronide. Therefore we investigated the influence of the NSAID diclofenac on the f...

This Standard Reference Material (SRM) is a frozen fish tissue homogenate that was prepared from fish collected from Lake Michigan, and is intended primarily for use in evaluating analytical methods for the determination of selected trace elements, methylmercury, total mercury, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, perf...

This report describes a rapid detection procedure for salmonellae from chicken feces by the combination of tetrathionate primary enrichment (preenrichment [PE])-bacterial lysis-capillary PCR and capillary gel electrophoresis. Pure Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis 64K was reisolated and detected by capillary PCR after buffered peptone water and nutrient broth, tetrathionate broth base Haj...

Graves’ Disease (GD) is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. It affects 3% female patients and 0.5% male usually between age 30-60. cause 80% hyperthyroid cases in USA. The pathogenesis disease complex autoimmunity plays a key role. antibodies stimulating thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) lead to uncontrolled Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) overproduction thyroid hormones from overactive gland....