To demonstrate pathological changes due to white spot virus infection in Fenneropenaeus indicus, a batch of hatchery bred quarantined animals was experimentally infected with the virus. Organs such as gills, foregut, mid-gut, hindgut, nerve, eye, heart, ovary and integument were examined by light and electron microscopy. Histopathological analyses revealed changes hitherto not reported in F. in...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether viable White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV) or Yellowhead virus (YHV) were present in prawn products imported into Australia. PROCEDURE A sample of fourteen uncooked prawns was obtained from a consignment imported from southeast Asia. Each of the prawns was examined for WSSV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then a bioassay was conducted in which a 10% homogen...

Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei or Litopenaeus vannamei) is native to South America, high economic value, and widely cultivated in the world Vietnam. Over last two decades, viral diseases have seriously threatened aquaculture industry. Among diseases, spot syndrome virus (WSSV) most important pathogens of farming. WSSV causes a cumulative mortality can reach 100% within 3–10 days. Genome...

Three different experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary astaxanthin on the immune response, resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Each experiment included one triplicate treatment group (fed with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin supplemented diet) and one triplicate control group (fed with...

This article describes the treatment provided to a patient with the maxillary anterior teeth exhibiting severe secondary caries beneath the previous restoration and a white spot lesion on the adjacent incisor. Two implants were placed after extraction of hopeless teeth with the guided bone regeneration technique. A white spot lesion of the adjacent incisor was treated with minimally invasive tr...

As all practitioners are aware, the prevalence and incidence of dental caries keep increasing constantly therefore early diagnosis cessation further progression would greatly help in maintaining sound tooth structure. One earliest signs is a white spot lesion, which mostly missed, only treated when condition worsens. WSL areas demineralized enamel that occur due to prolonged period retained mic...