For several NP-complete problems, there have been a progression of better but still exponential algorithms. In this paper, we address the relative likelihood of sub-exponential algorithms for these problems. We introduce a generalized reduction which we call Sub-Exponential Reduction Family (SERF) that preserves sub-exponential complexity. We show that CircuitSAT is SERF-complete for all NP-sea...

Prior research has established a link between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), empathy, and generalized measures of prejudice. Whether empathy functions as a mediator for more specific forms of prejudice has not been studied. Furthermore, alienation and its role in predicting prejudice have been given little attention in the literature. Our results found that empathy functioned as a mediator...

The present study examines the relationship between racial prejudice and reactions to President Barack Obama and his policies. Before the 2008 election, participants’ levels of implicit and explicit anti-Black prejudice were measured. Over the following days and months, voting behavior, attitudes toward Obama, and attitudes toward Obama’s health care reform plan were assessed. Controlling for e...

The present article reviews evidence for the malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. In contrast to assumptions that such responses are fixed and inescapable , it is shown that automatic stereotypes and prejudice are influenced by, (a) self-and social motives, (b) specific strategies, (c) the perceiver's focus of attention , and (d) the configuration of stimulus cues. In addition, ...

Measures of implicit prejudice are based on associations between race-related stimuli and valenced words. Reaction time (RT) data have been characterized as showing implicit prejudice when White names or faces are associated with positive concepts and African-American names or faces with negative concepts, compared to the reverse pairings. We offer three objections to the inferential leap from ...

Although the terms ‘‘illegal aliens’’ and ‘‘undocumented workers’’ are often used interchangeably to refer to the same immigrant population, they have very different connotations. The present study investigated why these two terms invoke different levels of prejudice. A group of undergraduate students (n1⁄4 269) were assigned to evaluate either ‘‘illegal aliens’’ or ‘‘undocumented workers.’’ Tw...

INTRODUCTION Diseases have an additional negative meaning but with different magnitude. Epilepsy is considered a stigmatizing condition; however its magnitude is unknown in our society, a limited-resource country, as Brazil. PURPOSE To compare the stigma perception of epilepsy to other two chronic conditions: AIDS and diabetes in the city of Campinas, Brazil. METHODS We interviewed people i...

Previous research finds a relationship between prejudice against asylum seekers in Australia and negative ideas invoked through political rhetoric; these include perceptions of threat and the acceptance of false beliefs. In recent years, political debate has also seen an increase in hostility towards people smugglers. In this study, we examine whether the expected link between prejudice and per...

Research into antigay violence has been limited by a lack of attention to issues of gender presentation. Understanding gender nonconformity is important for addressing antigay prejudice and hate crimes. We assessed experiences of gender-nonconformity-related prejudice among 396 Black, Latino, and White lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals recruited from diverse community venues in New York Ci...

Wittrock, Zachary, R. M.A., Purdue University, August 2014. Dismantling the Great Wall of Prejudice: A Look at Centrality and Issue Importance in the Perpetuation of Influence and Prejudice Reduction. Major Professor: Torsten Reimer This study sought to utilize social network analysis to better understand how prejudice reduction can be spread from one person to another via interpersonal influen...