When economic activity leads to pollution and over-use of common property resources, government intervention can improve social welfare. Pollution involves a market failure in which damages caused by a producer or consumer are imposed on third parties. These damages can involve personal health, physical deterioration of buildings, and foregone options for the future. Of course, if transactions ...

Environmental pollution is now a serious problem in many developing countries. One approach to combat the problem is to implement various pollution control policies. However, due to a lack of adequate quantitative models, the economic impacts and effectiveness of many pollution control policies are still unknown. This article uses the computable general-equilibrium (CGE) approach to develop an ...

environmental pollution consists of different types of pollutants in air, soil, and water. due to the fact that plants can respond to environmental pollution, they can be used as bio-indicators for environmental monitoring. air pollution in areas with oil and gas refineries nearby is an important problem. this study aims to survey the effects of gas refinery air pollutants on conocarpus erectus...

Quality evaluation of urban environment is an integral part of efficient urban environment planning and management. The development of fuzzy set theory (FST) and the introduction of FST to the urban study field attempts to incorporate the gradual variation and avoid loss of information. Urban environmental quality assessment pertain to interpretation and forecast of the urban environmental qual...

liberalization of international markets affects level of pollution in developing countries more than in developed countries. therefore the impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution is a challenge for policy makers. in this paper auto regressive distributed lags (ardl) and error correction model (ecm) methods are employed for a study of the relationship between trade liberalizati...

Objective: Metal concentrations in 53 soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak were determined.  Methods: Assessment of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index revealed higher degree of contamination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in soil samples. Moreover, results of metal fractionation study revealed high amount of Cd and Pb are associated in weakly bounds may lead to environmental risk of these metals.  Result...

Effects of methane outgassing on the Black Sea atmosphere K. Kourtidis, I. Kioutsioukis, and S. Rapsomanikis Lab. of Atmospheric Pollution and Pollution Control Engineering of Atmospheric Pollutants, Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Demokritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece Received: 7 February 2006 – Accepted: 2 March 2006 – Published: 9 May 2006 Correspondence to: K. Kourtidis ...

Terrestrial plants are ideal sentinels of environmental pollution, due to their sedentary nature, abundance and sensitivity to atmospheric changes. However, reliable and sensitive biomarkers of exposure have hitherto been difficult to characterise. Biospectroscopy offers a novel approach to the derivation of biomarkers in the form of discrete molecular alterations detectable within a biochemica...

Calcium antagonists have multiple mechanisms whereby they are able to protect against myocardial ischaemia. Recently questions have been posed about the long-term safety of this group of agents. This article is a selective rather than a complete review of the problems. Fears have largely centred around rapidly acting nifedipine when inappropriately used. This agent remains useful in Prinzmetal'...