The woodwasp Sirex noctilio is a major pest of pine plantations worldwide. Economically significant damage is however limited to outbreak populations. To understand what determines outbreaks dynamics in this species, we developed an individual based model for a wasp population developing within a pine plantation. We show that outbreaks may be the result of the insect's life history. Specificall...

This study characterizes the changes in leaf mass, morphological composition and nutritional value of blades palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) under continuous grazing first year implementation pasture after second eucalyptus planting an Integrated Crop-Livestock System Crop-Livestock-Forest, which were tested four seasons. The experimental design was random blocks, with three trea...

Eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) is considered the most important disturbing insect in coniferous stands eastern North America. During an outbreak, can cause severe defoliation balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), which affect wood properties such as moisture content and mechanical properties. This project aimed to assess influence of duration on quality mature trees. ...

Abstract In legume-based grasslands, legumes supply the sward with nitrogen (N) from biological N2-fixation. Previous studies in silvopastoral systems have emphasized that legume proportions decline near trees which would cause spatial variation N and concentration of harvested herbage grass swards between trees. natural ecosystems, it was shown resorption efficiency (NRE) increased by nutrient...

Forest health and multifunctionality are threatened by global challenges such as climate change. is currently assessed within the pan-European ICP Forests (International Co-operative Programme on Assessment Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects Forests) programme through evaluation tree crown conditions (defoliation). This paper analyses results a 24-year assessment carried out in Italy 253 perma...

Until recently, deadwood was perceived as a negative element of forest ecosystems, that indicates “mismanagement, negligence, and wastefulness” of the applied forest management (Stachura et al., 2007). It was regarded as a potential source of biotic pests, mainly insects (Bütler, 2003; Marage & Lemperiere, 2005), to remaining trees in a forest as well as to adjacent stands (Pasierbek et al., 20...

The aim of this study was to understand how drought-induced tree mortality and subsequent secondary succession would affect soil bacterial taxonomic composition as well as soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality in a mixed Mediterranean forest where the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) population, affected by climatic drought-induced die-off, is being replaced by Holm-oaks (HO; Quercus ilex...

1. The diversity of mating systems in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is poorly understood. Ips latidens (LeConte) is a small-bodied species of a harem polygynous genus whose mating system in nature had not been established previously. This study examines the breeding biology of I. latidens breeding in recently dead ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in California. It was expected that both...

we study the limiting distribution of the degree of a given node in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, a generalized random recursive tree, which is introduced by devroye et. al (2011). in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, every node $i$ is attached to the node labeled $lfloor ix_i floor$ where $x_0$, $ldots$ , $x_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, with support in [0,...

Mortality was recorded annually over a 15-year period after thinning in each of three evenaged stands (one ponderosa pine and two ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir/western larch), and after individual tree selection cutting in two uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands. Highest mortality occurred in the controls in both the evenand uneven-aged stands, primarily due to suppression, while weather was the lea...