White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has been reported to cause severe mortality and economic loss in shrimp culture industry especially black tiger shrimp in worldwide. In present study, Psidium guajava Linn. root bark was serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol then screened antiviral activity against WSSV by incubating the extracts with WSSV infected haemolymph of Penaeus mono...

Since 1993, massive mortalities have occurred among the penaeid shrimp Penaeus orientalis cultured in Korea. The major gross findings of the naturally occurring cases were 2 to 6 mm sized white spots on the inside of the carapace and reddish discolorization. Amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were readily observed in the epithelia of epidermis, foregut, gills, and lymphoid ...

The effect of five isonitrogenous diets (36.6% protein), formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal (FM) with rice protein concentrate (RPC), was investigated on the growth and tail-muscle fatty acid (FA) quality of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The feeds were fed to shrimp (initial weight of 6.99 ± 0.08 g) five times daily to apparent satiation for 60 d...

Shrimp aquaculture has expanded rapidly in many countries and this rapid development resulted diseases outbreaks and further considerable utilization  of antibiotics. Use of natural products as antimicrobial has been reported as a resolution problem. The crude extract of a red seaweed (Laurencia snyderiae) collected from the Persian Gulf was evaluated for shrimp growth performance and to d...

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important proinflammatory cytokine that mediates both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we identified a homolog of MIF in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The MIF cDNA contained a 363-bp open reading frame encoding a 120-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 13.442 kDa and a theoretical isoe...

Antimicrobial peptides are an essential component of the innate immune system of most organisms. Expressed sequence tag analysis from various shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) tissues revealed transcripts corresponding to two distinct sequences (ALFLv1 and ALFLv2) with strong sequence similarity to antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), an antimicrobial peptide originally isolated from the horse shoe...

The performance of the Paci¢c white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) under various stocking strategies was evaluated in earthen ponds ¢lled with freshwater amended with major ions. Six 0.1-ha earthen ponds located in Pine Blu¡, AR, USA, were ¢lled with freshwater in 2003 and 2004, and potassium magnesium sulphate added to provide 50mgK L 1 and stock salt added to provide 0.5 g L 1 salinity. ...