The UK contribution to the Ebola epidemic in west Africa has been run by the Department for International Development, with major support from the British military. We now have around 800 troops in Sierra Leone including the primary casualty receiving ship the RFA (Royal Fleet Auxiliary) Argus offshore as a logistic support platform. Soldiers from the UK Royal Engineers have built seven Ebola t...

The 2014 Ebola outbreak started in early-March, Guinea (Baize et al. 2014). Following, the outbreak spread into Liberia in March, Sierra Leone in May and Nigeria in July. Today every city in the affected regions embedded in the West Africa is at risk (Pigott et al. 2014). Hypotheses have been raised about possible mechanisms that made dynamics of Ebola transmission exacerbated (Bausch & Schwarz...

In Italy a national Plan for the surveillance of imported and autochthonous human vector-borne diseases (chikungunya, dengue, Zika virus disease and West Nile virus (WNV) disease) that integrates human and veterinary (animals and vectors) surveillance, is issued and revised annually according with the observed epidemiological changes. Here we describe results of the WNV integrated veterinary an...

The Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in the Republic of Korea have given huge impacts in different aspects. Health security is no more a new coinage. Global health security became more realistic in its practical application. In the perspective of global health, it will be helpful to peruse lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak in We...

Infectious Common HIV/AIDS Typhoid fever Babesiosis Malaria Uncommon Viral hepatitis Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Brucellosis Noninfectious Common Sarcoidosis Chronic corticosteroid use Antilymphocyte globulin Cancer chemotherapy Radiation therapy Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Hodgkin’s disease Chronic alcohol abuse Uncommon CD4 lymphocytopenia Severe combined immunodeficienc...

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, Department of Psychology and Service User Research Enterprise, Institute of Psychiatry...

Rift Valley fever is an endemic vector-borne disease in West Africa, which mainly affects domestic ruminants and occasionally humans. The aetiological mechanisms of its endemicity remain under debate. We used a simple spatially explicit model to assess the possibility of endemicity without wild animals providing a permanent virus reservoir. Our model takes into account the vertical transmission...

In 2010, in Veneto Region, Italy, surveillance of summer fevers was conducted to promptly identify autochthonous cases of West Nile fever and increase detection of imported dengue and chikungunya in travelers. Surveillance highlighted the need to modify case definitions, train physicians, and when a case is identified, implement vector control measures.

From July 25 to October 1, 1999, 826 patients were admitted to Volgograd Region, Russia, hospitals with acute aseptic meningoencephalitis, meningitis, or fever consistent with arboviral infection. Of 84 cases of meningoencephalitis, 40 were fatal. Fourteen brain specimens were positive in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, confirming the presence of West Nile/Kunjin virus.

a total of 698 blood and serum specimens from residents of 13 iranian communities were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test for antibodies to west nile virus. in general, infection rates in the north of the country were low while higher rates were observed among residents of central and southwestern iran. the highest prevalence of infection was found among residents of khuzestan pro...