mutual funds are the best tool to mobilize savings and investments in an economy and pakistan is the pioneer in south asia, but this industry is not as much mature in comparison to its age in pakistan. this paper examines the performance of closed ended mutual funds in pakistan by using five different ranking measures during a period of january 2009 to december 2013 and the sample consists of o...

This paper presents a positive and normative study of world financial market when sovereign countries can default on their debt. We construct tractable model that enables us to in general equilibrium. The amount safe assets is thus endogenous determined by international risk-sharing. characterize the equilibrium structure we show generate multiple equilibria. In addition, not constrained-effici...

This paper describes the system of medical hygiene and health care adopted by the Croatian section of Yugoslav Railways in the aftermath of World War Two until 1953, based on archival information. In 1945, the human resources section of the Railway Administration in Zagreb included the Department of Social Welfare with offices that managed health insurance in cases of illness and accidents, wor...

Legislated as part of welfare reform, the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) is the main source of child care government funding earmarked for low-income families. As a block grant, with broad federal guidelines, states have signifi cant freedom in implementing this legislation to meet the needs of their citizens. This diverse implementation has challenged legislators and scholars trying to...

Background Under the Global Fund round 8 Grant, the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) received funding for Health Systems Strengthening (HSS). This grant sought to contribute to scaling-up efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and related diseases. The overall goal was to address the health manpower needs at all levels of the health...

Time preferences are a dominant influence in cost-benefit analyses of long-term issues such as climate change. FUND, a model for optimal emission control, is used to spell out this influence. Classic discounting at various rates is contrasted with Heal discounting where the discount factor depends logarithmically on the time distance (it does linearly in the classic case), and Rabl discounting ...

boomers. As beneficiaries of the Attlee settlement, we have enjoyed affordable health care, decent housing, free higher education and a generous welfare state. Notoriously, these are blessings that could be denied the next generation.1 The NHS is facing yet another funding crisis and social care is under increasing strain. The confusing border between the two has long been a source of administr...

This paper describes what the Wellcome Trust has done and aims to do through its population initiative. The Trust is required to spend its funds to improve the physical welfare of mankind, and in this context there can be no more important issue than the rapid changes that are occurring in the human population. The Trust's first involvement was to help fund the New Delhi population summit cover...

Does the current economic crisis require the deep cuts in public spending announced in the June 2010 emergency budget, with potential implications for public health? The arguments for and against such cuts in response to economic recession are complex, but if public health professionals are to engage in debates about future public spending, they should be informed by relevant evidence. In this ...

We provide new empirical evidence on the importance of defined contribution pension wealth in England, and the nature of annuitization decisions taken by older adults who retire with such sources of wealth. Other things equal, financial literacy, and numeracy in particular, are important factors governing individuals' choices over whether to shop around for an annuity as opposed to taking the '...