Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a disease caused by the zoonotic parasite Taenia solium lodging in the central nervous system. Both humans and pigs can get NCC. The impact of the disease in pigs has so far been little explored. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of NCC on social and feeding behaviours as well as the pattern of activity as indicators of reduced welfare in naturally inf...

In this paper, we consider the issue of optimal licensing from the viewpoint of a public patent holder having no production facilities when the product market has a Stackelberg leadership structure. We show that fee licensing is always at least as good as royalty licensing for the public patentee maximizing the social welfare. It is also shown that for small innovations, there exists an equilib...

On November 13, 1997 the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Approved regulation R.61-43, Standards for the Permitting of Agricultural Animal Facilities. The State Legislature approved these standards on June 26,1998. The primary purpose listed for setting these standards is “To establish standards for the growing or confining of swine, processing of swine manure and o...

The total good of the patient, which includes his higher spiritual as well as his bodily welfare, is the primary concern of those entrusted with the management of a Catholic health facility. So important is this, in fact, that if an institution could not fulfill its basic mission in this regard, it would have no justification for continuing its existence as a Catholic health facility. Trustees ...

This paper is the result of an international initiative and is a first attempt to develop guidelines for the care and welfare of cephalopods (i.e. nautilus, cuttlefish, squid and octopus) following the inclusion of this Class of ∼700 known living invertebrate species in Directive 2010/63/EU. It aims to provide information for investigators, animal care committees, facility managers and animal c...

Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) are the most commonly kept companion animals in the US with large populations of owned (86 million), free-roaming (70 million), research (13,000), and shelter (2-3 million) cats. Vast numbers of cats are maintained in homes and other facilities each year and are reliant on humans for all of their care. Understanding cat behavior and providing the highest q...

the purpose of the study was assessing rural tourism’s development barriers in soltanieh, zanjan province. a descriptive–correlation survey approach was used in this study. the study population consisted of local people, government experts and tourists. data was collected by eight section closed questionnaire. reliability and validity of questionnaire were determined by investigating the at...

rural industrialization or establishing industries in rural area as an important and most prevalent procedure for non agricultural economic development is discussed in this article. lack of main agricultural production parameters like water resource, rich and suitable soil, in these areas, in spite of plenty of manpower, directs the situation to day by day immigration rate from rural areas. ind...

Growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. Dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

The problem of determining the optimal level of output for goods and services produced by government and determining the best means of rationing these among people is an important one. The level of aggregate economic welfare depends on both the output level chosen and the mechanism used to distribute this output. Public decisions make implicit judgments on both output and rationing devices with...