Here, I provide a guide for those new to the burgeoning field of animal welfare science as to what this comprehensive, relatively young discipline is all about. Drawing on all branches of biology, including behavioural ecology and neuroscience, the science of animal welfare asks three big questions: Are animals conscious? How can we assess good and bad welfare in animals? How can we use science...

Implementing service delivery systems based on the bio-psycho-social model requires a collaborative approach. The model draws attention to the genetic, physiological, psychological, social and cultural elements that influence health. At its simplest, integration ensures a person receives care that addresses multiple needs in a coordinated and efficient way. Mental health and substance use probl...

This paper investigates a pollutant abatement investment under ambiguity in a twoperiod setting. We consider there are representative consumer and firm in an economy and formulate the social welfare maximization problem. Then we numerically derive the optimal level of abatement investment. Furthermore, we analyze the comparative static effects of the model’s parameters and find an increase in t...

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are among relatively prevalent disorders during childhood and adolescence. Considering the negative impact of the parents' drug dependency and bipolar disorder, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD and conduct disorder in children of drug-dependent and bipolar parents. Methods: In this case-control ...

In debates about the welfare of animals, different people have tended to emphasize different concerns. Some emphasize the basic health and functioning of animals, especially freedom from disease and injury. Others emphasize the "affective states" of animals – states like pain, distress and pleasure that are experienced as positive or negative. Others emphasize the ability of animals to live rea...

in 1930s, the idea of providing general welfare and welfare state appeared in industrial countries due to the belief in the ability of left forces in solving misfortunes that people entangled in; because of financial crisis in industrialized societies, expanded poverty, starvation and epidemic diseases which led millions of people to the hopelessness. welfare states achieved outstanding success...

animal welfare considerations are becoming increasingly important for farming of animals, both in tunisia and internationally. practices which may have once been deemed acceptable are now being reassessed in the light of new knowledge and changing attitudes. and a clearly defined concept of welfare is needed for use in precise scientific measurements. if animal welfare is to be compared in diff...

Abstract What are the various ways in which local governments China accommodate migrants through housing policies, and what forces that drive these variations? Through systematic coding of policy documents from 97 prefecture-level cities, this study captures patterns migrant policies using cluster analysis. We found 18.6 per cent cities adopted a residual approach. Most rental-based approach (p...