BACKGROUND To our knowledge, research has not been conducted on bicycle riding and weight control in comparison with walking. Our objective was to assess the association between bicycle riding and weight control in premenopausal women. METHODS This was a 16-year follow-up study of 18,414 women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Weight change between 1989 and 2005 was the primary outcome, and the...

The possibility to control at specific times and specific places the activity of biomolecules (enzymes, transcription factors, RNA, hormones, etc.) is opening up new opportunities in the study of physiological processes at the single cell level in a live organism. Most existing gene expression systems allow for tissue specific induction upon feeding the organism with exogenous inducers (e.g. te...

Four breed types with 12 cows/breed-type (Hereford x Angus, AHx; Charolais and Angus and Charolais x Hereford, Cx; Jersey x Angus, Jersey x Hereford, Jx and Simmental x Angus, Simmental x Hereford, Sx) were used to estimate nutrient requirements for zero daily weight change. Four nonpregnant, nonlactating cows of each breed type were assigned to one of three feeding levels [90 kcal metabolizabl...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of infant feeding practices on postpartum weight change among HIV-infected and -uninfected women in South Africa. METHODS In a non-randomised intervention cohort study of antiretroviral therapy-naïve women in South Africa, infants were classified as exclusive (EBF), mixed (MF) or non-breastfed (NBF) at each visit. We analysed infant feeding cumulatively from ...

BACKGROUND It is commonly asserted that the average American gains 5 lb (2.3 kg) or more over the holiday period between Thanksgiving and New Year's Day, yet few data support this statement. METHODS To estimate actual holiday-related weight variation, we measured body weight in a convenience sample of 195 adults. The subjects were weighed four times at intervals of six to eight weeks, so that...

The amount of sialic acid on the surface of the neutrophil influences its ability to interact with other cells. Neutrophil activation with various stimuli mobilizes intracellular sialidase to the plasma membrane where it cleaves sialic acid from cell surfaces. Since enhanced neutrophil adherence, spreading, deformability and motility each are associated with surface desialylation and critical t...

Recent unenclosed iron-fertilization experiments in the equatorial Pacific Ocean have shown that phytoplankton biomass can be increased substantially by the addition of iron. Analyses of size-fractionated chlorophyll indicate that much of the increase during the most recent fertilization experiment, IronEx II, occurred in the .10-mm size fraction. We used flow cytometry, combined with taxon-spe...

The energetic cost of hovering flight was measured in sphinx moths from five species. Mean power input per unit mass (Pi/M) varied from 237-2 W kg-1 in Manduca sexta (Subfamily:Sphinginae), mean body mass 1-2 X 10(-3) kg, to 327-9 W kg-1 in Deilephila elpenor (Subfamily: Macroglossinae) mean body mass 7-3 X 10(-4) kg. Mean Pi/M for the five species was inversely proportional to mean body mass a...

The relation between relative weight and health differs between young and old. In older populations, weight change may cloud the association between a single relative weight and health outcomes. To determine whether weight or weight change is a more important determinant of mortality in a population of older adults, the authors analyzed data from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program...

ketotifen is a potent, safe and long acting antihistamine that is effective in treatment of asthma and its use is believed to causes weight gain and drowsiness. cyproheptadine, an antihistamine, has anticholinergic and antiserotonergic effects, and causes increases of the appetite and weight gain. in this study the effects of different doses of ketotifen and/or cyproheptadine on the appetite an...