CONTEXT Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve short-term success, but re-gain is common. OBJECTIVE To compare 2 weight loss maintenance interventions with a self-directed control group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-phase trial in which 1032 overweight or obese adults (38% African American, 63% women) with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or both who had lost at least 4 kg during ...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, although perceived to be high, is often difficult to demonstrate in disease free (healthy) obese adults. HYPOTHESIS Changes in circadian blood pressure variability (CBPV) and endothelial function (EF) may be early correlates of cardiometabolic disorders. METHODS Asymptomatic men and women in 3 groups: normal weight (n = 10), overweight (n = 10) ...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide health problem with increasing prevalence. Decrease in energy intake has been shown to lower the risk of coronary artery disease in obese subjects. The common form of dietary restriction is daily calorie restriction (CR). Another form is alternate-day fasting (ADF). This study examined the ability of modified ADF to facilitate weight loss and lower cardiovascul...

OBJECTIVE A1C is associated with diabetes complications but does not reflect glycemic variability (GV), which may worsen outcomes by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac arrhythmias. We tested whether a glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist-based regimen can reduce GV and cardiometabolic risk markers while maintaining similar A1C levels in people with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes...

BACKGROUND The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in Europe. We determined the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in a predominantly Caucasian cohort of 491 children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS Fasting glucose and insulin levels were determined in all 491 subjects. Patients with an abnormal fasting glucose or with additional risk facto...

We determined cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of human cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55-102 in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of CART 55-102 elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympat...

We determined cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of human cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55 102 in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of CART 55 102 elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympathe...

Eighteen replicates (9 barrows, 9 gilts) were used to estimate the dietary available phosphorus (AP) needs of a high lean strain of pigs during each of four stages of growth (9 to 37, 37 to 65, 65 to 92, and 92 to 119 kg body weight [BW]). Pigs were self-fed a basal diet supplemented with one of six incremental additions of AP from monodicalcium phosphate. Initially (9 to 37 kg), pigs were fed ...