It is shown that e¢ cient GMM (generalized method of moments) estimation of a linear model corresponds to standard IV (instrumental variables) estimation of this model, after transforming it such (as in GLS) that its resulting disturbances have a scalar covariance matrix, while using as instruments the original instruments linearly transformed by the transpose of the inverse of the matrix used ...

capital market is one of the most important sectors of every economy. economic growth can lead to capital market boom and development, on the other hand, achieving desired economic growth and development is impossible without efficient financial institution and suitable funding resources. in this study the relationship between financial development and economic growth in opec countries and non-...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...

Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) observed rapid economic growth in the last few decades. This study aims to investigate whether integration and information communication technology (ICT) promotes ASEAN. It further examines role of ICT for relationship with respect readiness usage. The undertook panel data over 21 years (1997 – 2017) employed Generalized Method Moments approach estimation results...

This paper investigates the behavior of the first-difference GMM estimator for dynamic panel data models when persistency of data is (moderately) strong and initial conditions are unrestricted. We show that initial conditions affect the rate of convergence of the GMM estimator under a local to unity system where autoregressive parameter is modeled as αN = 1− c/Np where N is the cross-sectional ...

In this paper I estimate empirical growth models simultaneously considering endogenous regressors and model uncertainty. In order to apply Bayesian methods such as Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to dynamic panel data models with predetermined or endogenous variables and fixed effects, I propose a likelihood function for such models. The resulting maximum likelihood estimator can be interpreted ...

This comparative study is an attempt to explore the determinants of capital structure for Malaysian firms listed in various sectors level. Within framework traditional and moderate dynamic theories, key such as fixed assets, current return on equity, size, earning per share total assets are tested relation debt-equity ratio. The large-scale entails data collected from 551 Bursa Malaysia main ma...