In this paper, we review several important features of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of spin glasses. Starting with the simplest experiments, we discuss the scaling laws used to describe the isothermal aging observed in spin glasses after a quench down to the low temperature phase. We report in particular new results on the sub-aging behaviour of spin glasses. We then discuss the rejuvenation...

Herein, we prepared a V/SBA-16 catalyst using vanadyl acetylacetonate as a precursor and SBA-16 nanoporous silica as a support via an immobilization technique. The ordered mesoporous structure of catalyst was determined by X-ray diffraction  and transmission electron microscopy techniques , and the catalyst was evaluated in the benzene hydroxylation to phenol with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a ...

Abstract Gas to liquid (GTL) process involves heterogeneous catalytic chemical reactions that convert synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and water vapor. A three phase reactor, called Low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) is commonly applied for GTL process. In this reactor the gaseous phase includes the synthesis gas, light hydrocarbons and water vapor, the liquid phase is a mixture of the h...

Recent research using 3D printing to create active structures has added an exciting new dimension to 3D printing technology. After being printed, these active, often composite, materials can change their shape over time; this has been termed as 4D printing. In this paper, we demonstrate the design and manufacture of active composites that can take multiple shapes, depending on the environmental...

drying of agricultural products is a sophisticated process with high energy consumption. energy needed for sustainable development, is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity. the performance of a heat recovery assisted solar dryer was evaluated in this study. drying time, collector efficiency, energy consumption, solar fraction and energy recovery fraction were investigated at different ...

In this work we present a high performance micro gas chromatograph column with a novel two dimensional axial heating technique for faster and more precise temperature programming, resulting in an improved separation performance. Three different axial resistive heater designs were simulated theoretically on a 3.0 m × 300 μm × 50 μm column for the highest temperature gradient on a 22 by 22 μm col...

Context: Software patterns encapsulate expert knowledge for constructing successful solutions to recurring problems. Although a large collection of software patterns is available in literature, empirical evidence on how well various patterns help in problem solving is limited and inconclusive. The context of these empirical findings is also not well understood, limiting applicability and genera...