Statistical and synoptic studies of spring dust storms over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) were performed using surface observations from 27 stations meteorological data NCEP/NCAR reanalysis set for period 1978-2008. The study showed that, spatially, northern eastern AP are regions most affected by temporally, can be divided into two subperiods: before after 1995, with a pronounced increase 1995 sm...

The "Dust Bowl" drought of the 1930s was highly unusual for North America, deviating from the typical pattern forced by "La Nina" with the maximum drying in the central and northern Plains, warm temperature anomalies across almost the entire continent, and widespread dust storms. General circulation models (GCMs), forced by sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the 1930s, produce a drought, but ...

The impacts of Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) on people, crops, livestock, infrastructure and health are well documented. Data have accumulated on the deleterious effects of dust aerosols when they settle on plants. Sand blasting of low growing plants is a common cause of failure in reforestation efforts. Burial of plants by moving sands are also a cause of much damage. The physics of moving sand a...

Introduction: Dust aerosols are observed to extend to high altitudes during planetary-scale dust storms [1-4]. Most recent GCM modeling of vertically extensive dust loading over the course of such storms indicates that dust particles with radii of 1-2 µm may be lifted to altitudes above 40 km, and their vertical distributions strongly affected by vigorous meridional transport which is intensifi...

Mars has lost most of its initial water to space as atomic hydrogen and oxygen. Spacecraft measurements have determined that present-day escape undergoes large variations with season are inconsistent long-standing explanations. The cause is incompletely understood, likely contributions from seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation, dust activity solar extreme ultraviolet input. Although some...