analysis of variance (ANOVA): one-way nested, hierarchical two-way linear model fixed, random, and mixed models factorial arrangement of treatments variance components sum of squares, mean square, expected mean square sampling fraction, fixed effects, random effects simple effects, main effects, interaction effects, additive effects analysis of covariance, covariate, concomitant variable data t...

The statistical technique of analysis of variance is often used by biologists as a measure of the relative strength or importance of causal factors. I argue that it is a tool ill-suited to this purpose, on several grounds. I suggest a superior alternative and outline its implications. I finish with a diagnosis of the source of error-an unwitting inheritance of bad philosophy that now requires t...

The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) sets up a feature of treatment developed with the objective to facilitate and improve the motor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate in healthy female individuals the effects of electrophysiological of a diagonal of the PNF upper limb. The sample consisted of 30 female participants aged between 18 to 28 years, randomly divided...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate color stability of two dental ceramics cemented with two resin cements, assessing the color difference (ΔE00) by the measurement of L*, a*, b*, c* and h* of transmittance. The combination of two ceramic system (feldspathic and lithium disilicate) and two resin cements - color A3 (RelyX ARC and Variolink II) resulted in 4 groups (n=5). Ten disks-shaped s...

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) use reproductive hormones as endocrine signals to synchronize sexual behavior with gamete maturation and as exogenous signals (pheromones) to mediate spawning interactions between conspecifics. We examined the differential effects of two hormonal pheromones, prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20beta-P) on neurogene...

INTRODUCTION Selection of the artificial membrane feeding technique and blood meal source has been recognized as key considerations in mass rearing of vectors. METHODOLOGY Artificial membrane feeding techniques, namely, glass plate, metal plate, and Hemotek membrane feeding method, and three blood sources (human, cattle, and chicken) were evaluated based on feeding rates, fecundity, and hatch...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of extreme cooling methods on the flexural strength, reliability and shear bond strength of veneer porcelain for zirconia. METHODS Vita VM9 porcelain was sintered on zirconia bar specimens and cooled by one of the following methods: inside a switched-off furnace (slow), at room temperature (normal) or immediately by compressed air (fast). Three-po...