The wx-E2 mutation results from a 128-bp transposable element-like insertion in exon 11 of the maize Waxy gene. Surprisingly, 11 maize genes and one barley gene in the GenBank and EMBL data bases were found to contain similar elements in flanking or intron sequences. Members of this previously undescribed family of elements, designated Tourist, are short (133 bp on average), have conserved term...

Waxy rice has a long history of being cultivated and consumed in China. In this study, the effect different factors including α-amylase activity, protein, amylopectin structure on pasting properties four waxy varieties were investigated. Rice flours divided into groups (Vietnam indica (VI), Jiangxi (JI), Anhui japonica (AJ), Dongbei (DJ) group) treated with AgNO3 solution, DL-dithiothreitol (DT...

The kinetics of glucoamylase-catalyzed hydrolysis of starch granules from six different botanical sources (rice, wheat, maize, cassava, sweet potato, and potato) was studied by the use of an electrochemical glucose sensor. A higher rate of hydrolysis was obtained as a smaller size of starch granules was used. The adsorbed amount of glucoamylase on the granule surface per unit area did not vary ...

The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B) is a potent oral immunogen with potential for use as a vaccine, a carrier molecule to deliver antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and possibly an adjuvant to make coadministered vaccines more effective. LT-B produced in plants was shown to be functional and immunogenic in animals and humans. In this work, we show that mai...

Plants have duplicate versions of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) enzymes with a subset localized to the chloroplast. The chloroplast oxPPP provides NADPH and pentose sugars for multiple metabolic pathways. This study identified two loss-of-function alleles of the Zea mays (maize) chloroplast-localized oxPPP enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These mutations caused...

In vitro hydrolysis assays are a key tool in understanding differences in rate and extent of digestion of starchy foods. They offer a greater degree of simplicity and flexibility than dynamic in vitro models or in vivo experiments for quantifiable, mechanistic exploration of starch digestion. In the present work the influence of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase activities on the digestion of maiz...

1 Bellomo R, Bion J, Finfer S, Myburgh J, Perner A, Reinhart K. Open letter to the Executive Director of the European Medicine Agency concerning the licensing of hydroxyethyl starch solutions for fluid resuscitation. Br J Anaesth 2014; 112: 595–600 2 Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 125–39 3...

Abstarct: This study was carried out to compare the binding effects of rice and wheat starches with that of the official starch; maize starch BP. Granule properties such as angle of repose, moisture content, bulk and tapped densities, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index and tablet properties which included weight uniformity, friability, disintegration times, and dissolution rates using standard metho...

Etiopathogenesis of pulmonary granulomatous lesions can be very varied. Pathologists find pulmonary granulomatous lesions in autopsies frequently. Diagnostics of pulmonary granulomatous lesions is based on anamnesis data, clinical examinations and morphological changes. In some cases, especially in long-term ill patients, morphological finding remains the only way to explain the case. We provid...