Marginal energy intensity (MEI) rigorously disaggregates consumption across a complex water supply system to the resolution of individual consumers. MEI is robust metric for optimizing utility management and retrofit strategies.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this project was to evaluate nucleic acid extraction techniques to detect different microbial pathogens (e.g., pathogenic viruses, bacteria, bacterial spores, and protozoan parasites) in drinking water using molecular techniques. While numerous nucleic acid extraction kits are commercially available, the composition of these kits is largely proprietary, making it difficu...

Utility networks comprise a fundamental part of our complex urban systems and the integration digital representations these across multiple spatial scales can be used to help address priority challenges. Deteriorating water utility infrastructure low routing redundancy result in network fragility thus supply outages when assets fail. Water distribution configurations optimised for higher resili...

service oriented enterprises (soes) are subject to constant change and variation. in this paper, the changes are considered from an economic perspective based on service culture notion. once a change is implemented, the costs of some member services may increase, whereas the costs of some other services may reduce. we construct a game theoretic model trying to capture the possible conflicting i...

The levels of trihalomethanes (THMs)--the main species of by-product from water chlorination--were monitored in the distribution systems of the five major drinking water utilities of the greater area of Québec City in order to investigate and model their occurrence on a spatial and seasonal basis. Data for THMs and other water quality and operational parameters associated with their formation w...

Taking into account competitive markets, manufacturers attend more customer’s personalization. Accordingly, build-to-order systems have been given more attention in recent years. In these systems, the customer is a very important asset for us and has been paid less attention in the previous studies. This paper introduces a new build-to-order problem in the supply chain. This study focuses on bo...

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...