Financial feasibility of a rural water supply im­ provement is based on the ability of households to pay for it and economic feasibility on willing­ ness to pay, or benefit, compared to costs. A sim­ ple household budgeting methodology is presented which can be used to estimate the abil­ ity to pay of water users for a water supply im­ provement. The contingent valuation method and benefit tran...

In the Mekong Delta (MD) in Vietnam, piped-water supply stations are being intensively built to reach the millennium development goal (MDG) to provide safe and clean drinking water resources to communities. However, studies focusing on the effectiveness of supply stations in reaching these goals are scarce to date. Water samples from 41 water supply stations in the MD were collected between Jun...

pharmaceuticals are considered to be important environmental contaminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate their presence in water intended for public supply to municipally of rio de janeiro, brazil. the regional environmental assessment was done from the analysis of surface water and distribution for the presence of psychiatric drugs. the study reveals the presence of benzodiazepine deri...

I N October 1997 four cows on a farm situated on the Halland Ridge in southern Sweden died after drinking water from a nearby stream. The water was contaminated with acrylamid which, it emerged, came from a nearby 10 kilometre railway tunnel construction site. The railway project had been plagued by trouble from the beginning. The Halland Ridge is a `horst', a heap of earthcrust formed by tecto...

Water demand prediction by end-use at an appropriate spatial and temporal resolution is essential for planning water supply systems that will supply water from a diversified set of sources on a fit-for-purpose basis. Understanding seasonal, daily and sub-daily water demand including peak demand by end-uses is an essential planning requirement to implement a fit-for-purpose water supply strategy...

BACKGROUND China has an enormous and growing middle-aged population. Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for this group, especially in rural areas. We examined HRQOL and its individual and household predictors among middle-aged people in rural Mid-east China. METHODS HRQOL questionnaires and information about individual and household characteristics were collected fro...