Erin Hankin is a Medical Student; Steven Jeffery is Consultant Burns and Plastic Surgeon, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham The war being fought in Iraq (2003–2009) and Afghanistan (2006–present) is unconventional in that British forces are predominantly engaged in counterinsurgency tactics as part of an asymmetric war (Belmont et al, 2010). While US ...

BACKGROUND The opinion that injuries sustained in Iraq and Afghanistan have increased in severity is widely held by clinicians who have deployed multiple times. To continuously improve combat casualty care, the Department of Defense has enacted numerous evidence-based policies and clinical practice guidelines. We hypothesized that the severity of wounds has increased over time. Furthermore, we ...

The Military Orthopaedic Trauma Registry (MOTR) is a comprehensive joint service registry of military orthopaedic injuries. Conceived in 2006, MOTR is now operational for retrospective data entry and prospective data collection of extremity injuries sustained by U.S. service members serving in current Overseas Contingency Operations. Running in tandem with data from the United States Army Insti...

Throughout the history of war, there have been many instances when the cold has ravaged armies more effectively than their enemies. Delineated risk factors are restricted to negro origins, previous cold injury, moderate but not heavy smoking and the possession of blood group O. No attention has been directed to the possibility that abnormal blood constituents could feasibly predispose to the de...

D uring the second world war, propaganda posters carried a message that asked, ''Is this trip really necessary?'' Their purpose was to persuade people to conserve gasoline. Prompted by the decision to limit free online access to subscribers, some board members and I examined the role this journal plays in fostering injury prevention internationally. We asked, in effect, if this journal was real...

The article states the absence of national regulation treatment interned convicted prisoners war (primarily in Penal Code Russian Federation) and only a partial mention them Geneva Convention «On Treatment Prisoners War», which is especially updated by special military operation Ukraine. Taking into account specific individualizing characteristics (combat experience, psychological other trainin...

The article considers the representation of war in Leo Tolstoy's artistic and journalistic work. The concept of "War" is a key notion in the writer's works. The paper describes the lexicon embodying the topic. To express the essence of the concept, Leo Tolstoy uses such words as sumasshestviye (madness), zlo (evil), and nasiliye (violence). The article analyzes the evolution of attitu...

Background:  To test the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12) in the Iranian opulation.  Methods: After translating and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into Persian, 100 caregiver spouses of Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) veterans with chronic spinal cord injury who live in the city of Mashhad, Iran, invited to participate in the study. The Persian...

A pproximately 1.4 million people sustain a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) each year in the United States according to statistics collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 Of these, 1.1 million individuals are seen, treated and released from an emergency department and 235,000 are hospitalized. Countless others sustain a mild TBI and never seek medical attention. Traffi...

THE care of paraplegics has always been a major nursing problem; many methods have been used, but most of these are difficult, complicated and time consuming. When, in 1937, an American, Dr. Homer Stryker of Michigan University, developed the Stryker frame he solved many of these nursing problems, and the U.S. Army and Naval hospitals proved its worth during the 1939-1945 world war. Today, Amer...