. . .After them, the (scientific) philosophers appear. . .who proclaim that only they are wise and all other mortals are but shadows flapping about. . . . [The philosophers] build uncountable worlds as . . .they hypothesize without hesitation causes for . . .unexplainable things, as if they were secretaries of Nature, architects of all things, as if they appeared among us from a meeting of gods...

as one of the most fundamental discourses of islamic humanism and islamic education system, inner nature (fiṭra) has always been of interest to muslim thinkers, philosophers, and educators. nevertheless, given the difference of the perspective and position that each thinker has adopted, various, and to some extent, different interpretations of fiṭra have been presented; therefore, the definitio...

the issue of god’s foreknowledge and its relation with human being’s freewill is one of the main subjects that from the beginning have been controversial among christian and judaic theologians and philosophers. so in islamic and western world have proponed many solutions for solving this problem. in this article our purpose is taking into consideration some of these solutions that each of which...

treatment of offenders is a humanistic approach in reaction to crimes, which has different scientific models. in addition to the un emphasis on this approach, islamic texts are full of corrective patterns and guidelines. iranian legislator, clearly, in article 156 of iranian constitution adapted this approach. nevertheless study of rules and regulations shows the lack of appropriate usage of th...