[1] The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Maria...

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, and its most recent massive eruption was in November 2010, causing great loss of lives and assets. Land movement of the volcano and the regions around were known to be significant. One of the methods that can be used to monitor such motion is Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images...

Deformation monitoring using GPS is usually carried out by installing and operating a local network of GPS receivers mounted on the deforming body, e.g. the flanks of a volcano. For continuous monitoring applications a near-real-time, epoch-by-epoch solution obtained from multi-baseline processing is desired in order to take into account betweenbaseline correlations and to detect movements over...

This paper presents a two-year archive of thermal observations made before, during, and after the January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo. Infrared satellite data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (modis), a multi-spectral scanner carried onboard the National Aeronautical and Space Administration’s (nasa) Terra and Aqua satellites, i...

Funding Information Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 61532002 and 61672237 ; National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program), Grant/Award Number: 2015AA016404 ; Doctoral Program of Higher Education, Grant/Award Number: 20130076110008 Abstract Many complex natural phenomena with dramatic spatial and temporal variation are difficult to animate accurately with anticip...

Volcanic eruptions are often very destructive events, having a massive impact on the natural and human environment. In order to mitigate the effect of volcanic hazards such as pyroclastic flows, lahars and tsunamis it is necessary to closely monitor volcanoes. Ground surface deformation is recognised as a reliable indicator of an impending eruption and can give clues to magmatic processes at de...

As in other areas of geophysics or meteorology, the observations and data collected at volcanoes are the result of experiments in which we cannot control the variables we wish to study. Thus, statistical analysis is an extremely important step in the data processing. Variations in the experimental parameters must be controlled through the choice of samples and through the hypotheses chosen for ...

Abstraet--Smectite and fine-grained quartz were separated from 6 volcanic ash samples collected in Japan from Shinmoe-dake Volcano, southern Kyushu, and Mt. Usu Volcano, southern Hokkaido. Oxygen isotope ratios of smectite in the volcanic ash range from +6,9 to + 12.9 per mill (%o), which are comparable to the values of smectite (~lsO = +6.5 and +9.4%0) from currently active geothermal fields. ...

This paper describes the development of a multi-parameter system for monitoring volcanic activity. The system permits the remote access and the connection of several modules in a network. An embedded ARM™ processor has been used, allowing a great flexibility in hardware configuration. The use of a complete Linux solution (Debian™) as Operating System permits a quick, easy application developmen...

[1] Sediment gravity cores collected from the Pacific seafloor offshore Central America contain numerous distal ash layers from plinian-type eruptions at the Central American Volcanic Arc dating back to more than 200 ka. In part 1 of this contribution we have correlated many of those ash layers between cores and with 26 tephras on land. The marine ash layers cover areas of up to 10 km in the Pa...