Two vinification methods involving different degrees of antioxidant protection of Falanghina must during prefermentative steps, and referred as HAMP (high antioxidant must protection) and LAMP (low antioxidant must protection), were compared in terms of fermentation performances of four different yeast strains, composition of the volatile fraction of wines at the end of alcoholic fermentation, ...

During six months of experimentation, a plug-flow system without recirculation was employed to study the volatile fatty acids (VFA) production by means of anaerobic fermentation of urban organic wastes. Results showed an important VFA production at mesophilic range of temperature (37°C). Particulary, VFA concentration in the outlet sludge went from 11.8 g/L at 2 days of retention time up to 23....

Landfill avoidance for organic wastes is now a high priority worldwide. Two fractions of the municipal waste stream were considered with respect to their potential for diversion through controlled anaerobic digestion. The physical and chemical properties of source segregated domestic food waste (ss-FW) and of the mechanically-recovered organic fraction of municipal solid waste (mr-OFMSW) were a...

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are preferred valuable resources, which can be produced from anaerobic digestion process. This study presents a novel technology using β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) pretreatment integrated alkaline method to enhance VFAs production from codigestion of food waste and sewage sludge. Experiment results showed that optimized ratio of food waste to sewage sludge was 3 : 2 becaus...

In many parts of the world, poor quality roughages low in nitrogen are the only food available to the grazing ruminant. Experiments have shown that under some conditions, still not clearly defined, urea can improve both the digestion and intake of these roughages, and also the nitrogen status of the animal. However, there are reports from both the laboratory and the field, which indicate that u...

In order to minimize odor and manage nutrients in liquid pig manure we need to be able to predict what operational practices most influence the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N), and other nutrients present in the manure. To determine this, we collected manure from 15 pig operations in southwestern Ontario in the fall of 2001 and 2002 and spring of 20...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning times on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbial communities of yellow cattle calves. METHODS Eighteen calves were assigned to a conventional management group that was normally weaned (NW, n = 3) or to early weaned (EW) group where calves were weaned when the feed intake of solid feed (starter) reached 5...

The primary driver for a successful biological nutrient removal is the availability of suitable carbon source, mainly in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Several methods have been examined to increase the amount of VFAs in wastewater. This study investigates the mechanism of mechanical disintegration of thickened surplus activated sludge by a deflaker technology for the production of org...

Differing efficiencies of utilization of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in both fasting and fattening sheep have been demonstrated by Blaxter and his colleagues (Armstrong & Blaxter, 1957a, b ; Armstrong, Blaxter & Graham, 1957). In fasting sheep, when the acids were given singly as the sole source of energy, the heat increment with acetic acid (41 yo of the energy of the metabolized acid)...

The majority of workers are agreed that the digestion of carbohydrate in the rumen is brought about by the micro-organisms living there, and furthermore, that the microflora plays a much larger part in these processes than the microfauna, for if the Protozoa are removed by drenching with dilute copper sulphate, the digestive processes continued unhampered (see Van der Wath, 1942). The precise r...