We introduce Banach algebras arising from tensor norms. By these Banach algebras we make Arensregular Banach algebras such that tensor product becomes irregular, where is tensor norm. Weillustrate injective tensor product, does not preserve bounded approximate identity and it is notalgebra norm.

Vocal learning, in which animals modify their vocalizations to imitate those of others, has evolved independently in scattered lineages of birds and mammals. Comparative evidence supports two hypotheses for the selective advantages leading to the origin of vocal learning. The sexual selection hypothesis proposes that vocal learning evolves to allow expansion of vocal repertoires in response to ...

A method of articulatory synthesis using a vocal-tract model with variable length is proposed. The vocal-tract length is derived prior to the unique determination of vocal-tract area parameters incorporated with a codebook that maps formants to vocal-tract length is used. A two-dimensional interpolation function for irregularly spaced data is conducted to confine vocal-tract length in the first...

PURPOSE To investigate the immediate effects of the high-pitched blowing vocal exercise. METHODS This is a comparative observational study. Participants were 46 women with ages between 25 and 45 years, who were divided into two groups: 23 individuals with vocal complaint (VCG), and 23 without vocal complaint (WVCG). The procedures included vocal auditory-perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis...

INTRODUCTION Vocal cord paralysis is a common symptom of numerous diseases and it may be due to neurogenic or mechanical fixation of the cords. Paralysis of the vocal cords is just a symptom of underlying disease in some cases; so, clinical diagnosis of the underlying cause leading to paralysis of the vocal cords is important. This study evaluates the causes of vocal cord paralysis. METHODS I...

Purpose To analyze the results of the runtimes of one, three, five, and seven minutes of the high-pitched blowing vocal exercise in women without voice complaints and with dysphonia and vocal nodules. Methods This is an experimental study with a consecutive and convenience sample of 60 women divided into two groups: 30 participants with dysphonia caused by vocal fold nodules (study group - SG...

UNLABELLED Although the brain relies on auditory information to calibrate vocal behavior, the neural substrates of vocal learning remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that lesions of the dopaminergic inputs to a basal ganglia nucleus in a songbird species (Bengalese finches, Lonchura striata var. domestica) greatly reduced the magnitude of vocal learning driven by disruptive auditory feedback in...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether the videostroboscopic finding of vibratory asymmetry in mobile vocal folds is a reliable predictor of vocal fold paresis. In addition, the ability of experienced reviewers to predict the distribution (left/right/bilateral) of the paresis was investigated. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented to...

We study the mechanical feedback coupling between the human vocal folds and vocal tract (VT) by simulating fundamental frequency glides over the lowest VT resonance. In the classical source– filter theory of speech production, the vocal folds produce a signal which is filtered by the resonator, vocal tract without any feedback. We have developed a computational model of the vocal folds and the ...