How does context affect basic processes of sensory integration and the implicit psychophysical scales that underlie those processes? Five experiments examined how stimulus range and response regression determine characteristics of (a) psychophysical scales for loudness and (b) 3 kinds of intensity summation: binaural loudness summation, summation of loudness between tones widely spaced in frequ...

A classical problem in auditory theory is the relation between the loudness L(I) and the intensity just-noticeable difference ~JND! DI(I). The intensity JND is frequently expressed in terms of the Weber fraction defined by J(I)[DI/I because it is anticipated that this ratio should be a constant ~i.e., Weber’s law!. Unfortunately, J(I) is not a constant for the most elementary case of the pure t...

Loudness as the perceptual correlate of sound intensity is formed by some neural processing along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the cortex. The loudness of a sound is largely determined by its level. Still, there are several other acoustical factors like stimulus bandwidth, duration, modulations, as well as personal factors like, e.g., the individual hearing status, that may affect p...

The equal-loudness contours describe the frequency characteristic of sensitivity of our auditory system. A set of the equal-loudness contours based on British data measured in mid-1950 was standardized as ISO 226. However, several research results reported in mid-1980 showed that the set of equal-loudness contours in ISO 226 contained a large error. We, therefore, carried out this project to de...

Objectives: Acoustic stimulation or sound therapy is proposed as a main treatment option for chronic subjective tinnitus. To further probe the field of acoustic stimulations for tinnitus therapy, this exploratory study compared 10 Hz amplitude modulated (AM) sounds (two pure tones, noise, music, and frequency modulated (FM) sounds) and unmodulated sounds (pure tone, noise) regarding their tempo...

This study investigated the effects of approach mode (ascending, descending, random) on the normal loudness function using the Loudness Contour Test suggested by the Independent Hearing Aid Fitting Forum. We also assessed how increasing the number of trials from one to five affects the short-term reliability of the Loudness Contour Test. Additionally, we examined the relationship between loudne...

Background: Lichen planus is a skin disease that rarely involves mucus membrane. Case: In this study, we introduced a rare case of lichen planus of the right vocal cord in a 51- year -old male presented with hoarseness. The lesion started two years ago and the hoarseness became progressive. There were not any lesions found in his buccal mucosa and skin. The biopsy of the lesion showed lichen...

Recently, a new ISO standard for loudness of arbitrary sounds ISO 532-1 (1) was proposed for the revision of ISO 532:1975 section 2 (method B) (2). It is based on DIN 45631/A1:2010 (3), which includes the widely used standard DIN 45631:1991 (4) for stationary sounds as a special case. ISO 532-1 eliminates uncertainties of existing standards by strictly defining the complete procedure of loudnes...

Long-term loudness perception of a sound has been presumed to depend on the spatial distribution of activated auditory nerve fibers as well as their temporal firing pattern. The relative contributions of those two factors were investigated by measuring loudness adaptation to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated 12-kHz tones. The tones had a total duration of 180 s and were either unmodulated or 100...