A theory of cooperative choice under incomplete information is developed in which agents possess private information at the time of contracting. It is assumed that the group of cooperating agents has agreed on a utilitarian “standard of evaluation” (group preference ordering) governing choices under complete information. The task is to extend this standard to choices whose consequences depend o...

Infants’ visual preference for infant-directed (ID) faces over adult-directed (AD) faces was examined in two experiments that introduced controls for emotion. Infants’ eye movements were recorded as they viewed a series of side-by-side dynamic faces. When emotion was held constant, 6-month-old infants showed no preference for ID faces over AD faces, but a second group of infants looked signific...

PURPOSE To determine whether image enhancement improves visual search performance and whether enhanced images were also preferred by subjects with vision impairment. METHODS Subjects (n = 24) with vision impairment (vision: 20/52 to 20/240) completed visual search and preference tasks for 150 static images that were enhanced to increase object contours' visual saliency. Subjects were divided ...

PURPOSE To evaluate demographic findings, ocular manifestations, vascular and morphological changes by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography of retina and choroid in cases of ocular Behçet's disease. METHODS Medical records were reviewed to obtain data from 16 patients with Behçet's disease who were in inactive phase. All patients underwent ophthalmic ...

We investigated the information about stimulus velocity inherent in the membrane signals of two types of directionally selective, motion-sensitive interneurons in the fly visual system. One of the cells, the H1-cell, is a spiking neuron, whereas the other, the HS-cell, encodes sensory information mainly by a graded shift of its membrane potential. Using a pseudo-random velocity waveform by whic...

Lewkowicz (1992a) reported two experiments that used a visual preference method to investigate 4and 8-month-old infants’ detection of two auditory-visual temporal invariants: rate and synchrony. Infants showed no visual preference for an event occurring at the same rate as a concurrent sound; they showed a weak visual preference for an event occurring in synchrony with a concurrent sound. Based...

Currently, we lack consensus regarding the organization along the anterior border of dorsomedial V2 in primates. Previous studies suggest that this region could be either the dorsomedial area, characterized by both an upper and a lower visual field representation, or the dorsal aspect of area V3, which only contains a lower visual field representation. We examined these proposals by using optic...

HIGHLIGHTS Memory correlates with the difference between single and double-sensory evoked steady-state coherence in the gamma range (ΔC).The correlation is most pronounced for the anterior brain region (ΔCA ).The correlation is not driven by birth size, education, speed of processing, or intelligence.The sensitivity of ΔCA for detecting low memory capacity is 90%. Cerebral rhythmic activity and...

Abnormal functional brain connectivity is a candidate factor in developmental brain disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction. We analyzed a substantial (10 min per subject) record of dense array electroencephalography with spectral power and coherence methods in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 42) and control (n = 21) 10- to 13-year-old children. We found topographic...