The results of our studies on the extraction and disposition of three plasticizing substances which are extracted from poly(vinyl chloride) medical devices will be reported. The plasticizers are di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), and butylglycolyl butyl phthalate (BGBP). DEHP extraction will be described in greater detail, and the two other plasticizers, DEHA and ...

The photodegradation of a 1:1 blend of poly (caprolactone) and poly(vinyl chloride) has been studied by following carbon dioxide emission during UV exposure. Similar measurements were made on poly(caprolactone) and poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymers prepared and irradiated in the same way. It was found that the blend gave lower CO2 emission than either of the two homopolymers, indicating that th...

Over 100 plastic toys from the 1970s and 1980s, both polyvinyl chloride ("vinyl") and nonvinyl, were analyzed in the study described here using a handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to quantify hazardous metal content. A sampling of recent vinyl toys was also tested. The majority of nonvinyl samples were Fisher Price brand toys. The vinyl toys consisted largely of Barbie dolls and other do...

a multi-objective optimization procedure has been developed to determine some kinetic parameters of free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate based on genetic algorithm. for this purpose, mathematical modeling of free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out first and then selected kinetic parameters are optimized by minimizing objective functions defined from comparing experim...

The cha nges in chemical structure occu ring in pol y (vinyl chloride) as a res ul t of heati ng ina vacu um in t he range 100° to 400° C were studied using infrared spectropho to metry. The pri ncipa l changes occ urri ng in t he residue during p yrolysis in a vacuum were the format ion of unsaturated s tructures a nd a change from an al iphatic spectrum to one showing aromatic absorption. The...

atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene (st) and methyl methacrylate (mma) was performed at 90oc in the absence and presence of nanoclay (cloisite 30b). trichloromethyl-terminated poly(vinyl acetate) telomerand cucl/ pmdeta were used as a macroinitiator and catalyst system, respectively. the experimental results showed that the atom transfer radical polymerization of st and mma in the a...

Functionalized vinyl pinacol boronates suitable for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions are synthesized using ruthenium-catalyzed olefin cross-metathesis of 1-propenyl pinacol boronate and various alkenes, including functionalized and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. The resultant boronate cross products are stereoselectively transformed into predominantly Z-vinyl bromides and E-vinyl iodides. The vinyl ...

Vinyl acetate (VA) synthesis over Pd–Au catalysts is an important industrial reaction that has been studied extensively; however, there is no consensus regarding the reaction mechanism, the active site, the key intermediates, and the role of Au. Recent results from our laboratories using a combination of surface science and kinetic methods on technical and model catalytic systems have establish...

We report on the development of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-scale photoacoustic sensor for the detection of trace gases. A mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) was used to determine detection limits for acetic acid, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, and vinyl acetate. The source was continuously tunable from 1015 cm(-1) to 1240 cm(-1), allowing for the collection of photoacoustic vibrationa...