Bullying and risky behavior are two common problems among adolescents and can strongly affect a youth's overall functioning when both coexist. Some studies suggest that bullying in adolescence may promote risky behavior as a coping strategy to deal with victimization related stress. Other studies consider bullying as an outcome of high-risk behavior. Despite the association between the two is w...

The social identity approach makes a distinction between behavior motivated by intergroup versus interpersonal identities, which may be relevant to victim blaming in the case of rape. Using a mock jury paradigm, we examined the impact of defining rape as an act of interpersonal violence (personal assault) versus intergroup violence (a "hate crime"), crossed with a manipulation describing the at...

This study examined the mediating influence of gender-role traditionality (GRT), ambivalent sexism, and victim injury and frequency of assault on domestic violence (DV) perception differences between Japanese and American college students. As predicted, Japanese tended to minimize, blame, and excuse DV more than did Americans, and these national differences were mediated by GRT. Participants vi...

The Victim-Informed Prosecution Project (VIP) was designed to amplify the voice of the victim in the prosecution of a battering current or ex-partner through collaboration between the prosecution and victim-centered agencies. This article describes the rationale for and design and implementation of VIP and then explores whether it increased perceived voice. While some VIP services (advocacy and...

Research has generally supported the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) programs on a number of outcomes; however, little research has examined the effectiveness of variations in the intervention. This study examined several variations of an RJ program for juvenile offenders, including direct mediation, indirect forms of victim/offender mediation accomplished without direct victim/ offen...

omission that leads to death of another is crime in criminal law of iran, whether doing it being duty of forsaker or not. in the first case, that person has not obligation or duty toward another, not for killing of victim but by virtue of first part of single-article of bill of the penal code of 1354, forsaker becomes convicted due to refrain from help to injuries and body hazards removal. in s...

The Noise estimation and avoidance are becoming critical, in today’s high performance IC design. An accurate yet efficient crosstalk noise model which contains as many driver/interconnect parameters as possible, is necessary for any sensitivity based noise avoidance approach. In this paper, we present an analysis for crosstalk noise model which incorporates all physical properties including vic...

A patrol car cruises slowly down a darkened street and comes upon a group of men beating and robbing another man. The officers apprehend the suspects. The victim is shaken and afraid. The officers attempt to interview the victim, but he refuses to cooperate and seems more frightened of the police than his attackers. Speaking in broken English, the victim tells the police that he does not want t...

Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that enemy-victim interactions in spatially homogenous environments can exhibit diverging oscillations which result in the extinction of one or both species. For enemy-victim models with overlapping generations, we investigate the dynamical implications of spatial heterogeneity created by enemy-free sinks or victimless sinks. An enemy-free sink is a ...

Rapid advances in computer technology have led to the development of processors with peak performances of the order of GHz. Since it is not feasible to have unlimited fast-memory, the performance of these processors is handicapped if the performance of the memory-hierarchy is poor. Caching techniques have been developed with this in mind. This paper presents the analysis of the performance of t...