Forty years after conversion from chaparral to perennial veldt grass in the San Dimas Experimental Forest, we compared land surface and soil properties between areas of the two vegetation types. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of this vegetation conversion on the soil physical properties likely to impact zero-order watershed hydrology. In three watersheds of each vegetation type, surfa...

This paper presents results of several large-eddy simulations LES of turbulent flow in an open channel through staggered arrays of rigid, emergent cylinders, which can be regarded as idealized vegetation. In this study, two cylinder Reynolds numbers, RD =1,340 and RD=500, and three vegetation densities are considered. The LES of the lowest density and at RD=1,340 corresponds to a recently compl...

The modelling of water and energy exchanges between Soil-Vegetation and the ATmosphere (SVAT) often assimilates remotely sensed time series of Vegetation Indices (VIs). At first order, spectral combinations like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are known for their ability to witness the geographic and seasonal distribution of greenness on continental surfaces. Another usual com...

Geohistorical records reveal the long-term impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure. A 5-myr record of mammalian faunas from floodplain ecosystems of South Asia shows substantial change in species richness and ecological structure in relation to vegetation change as documented by stable isotopes of C and O from paleosols. Between 8.5 and 6.0 Ma, C(4) savannah replaced C(3) forest and wo...

The tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) having a uniform cross-sectional tube of U-shaped, occupied with liquid is used as a vibrational response mitigation device. The tuned liquid column ball damper (TLCBD) is a modified TLCD, where, an immovable orifice, positioned at the middle part of the horizontal portion, is replaced by a metal ball. Different studies on the unconstrained optimization per...

The elevational patterns of diversity for plants and animals have been well established over the past century. However, it is unclear whether there is a general elevational distribution pattern for microbes. Changbai Mountain is one of few well conserved natural ecosystems, where the vertical distribution of vegetation is known to mirror the vegetation horizontal zonation from temperate to frig...

It has been suggested that airborne laser scanning (ALS) could be used for operational monitoring of vegetation changes in the alpine tree line caused by climate change. Because the vegetation is low in such tree-less areas close to the alpine zone, the accuracy of the digital terrain model (DTM) becomes crucial for early detection of, e.g., pioneer trees representing an ongoing tree migration ...

A multi-layer one-dimensional vertical model of the upper soil, vegetation and lower atmosphere is developed and implemented. This model includes explicit representations of the heat and moisture diffusion both in the soil and in the atmosphere, and computations of various mass and energy fluxes at the soil-air, vegetation-air and soil-root interfaces. Four models are run in parallel to compute...

various indexes such as rvi, ndvi, savi and osavi have been proposed for vegetation detection using satellite images. these indexes have been obtained based on high reflectance of the vegetation in near infrared band and its high absorption in red band. basic defect of these indexes are using them in various regions without any changes in index structure. in other words, these indexes have not ...

In preparing for my presentation, I was recommended several review articles from compilations on bird vocalizations. I based much of my presentation on this particular review. It is a bizarre combination of a little bit of ethology and a good many predictions on how environmental features should influence the evolution of characteristics of bird song such as frequency, amplitude, modulatory emp...