A novel computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) for the simulation of gas mixing in activated sludge (i.e., an opaque non-Newtonian liquid) in a bubble column is developed and described to solve the problem of measuring the hydrodynamic behavior of opaque non-Newtonian liquid-gas two-phase flow. We study the effects of the inlet position and liquid-phase properties (wate...

in this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. the nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 khz. the induction method was used for charging the output droplets. all experiments w...

Permanent grayscales in a π bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display have been demonstrated. This display can be switched between –22.5° and 157.5° twist states by means of a combination of strong in-plane electric fields and vertical electric field for creating both the planar anchoring breaking and an electrohydrodynamic flow. The switching of the twist states during the Frederiks tran...

[1] Flow processes in unsaturated fractures considerably differ from flow in rock matrix because of the dominance of gravitational forces, accentuated by variations in fracture geometry. This gives rise to liquid fragmentation, fingering, and intermittent flow regimes that are not amenable to standard continuum representation. We develop an alternative modeling framework to describe the onset o...

Complex heat transfer phenomena (including unsteady state conduction, convection and solidification processes) occur in steel belt conveyer sulfur granulating method. Numerical simulation of this technique is performed via a comprehensive and multifaceted one dimensional model. Since the air situated between the adjacent sulfur pastilles is essentially stagnant, therefore, the surface tempe...

In this work, the feasibility of flow pattern and oil hold up the prediction for vertical upward oil–water two–phase flow using pressure fluctuation signals was experimentally investigated. Water and diesel fuel were selected as immiscible liquids. Oil hold up was measured by Quick Closing Valve (QCV) technique, and five flow patterns were identified using high-speed photo...