The basic properties of the near-Earth current sheet from 8 RE to 12 RE were determined based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations from 2007 to 2013. Ampere's law was used to estimate the current density when the locations of two spacecraft were suitable for the calculation. A total of 3838 current density observations were obtained to stu...

where C n(h) is the vertical profile of the refractive index structure constant, V (h) is the vertical profile of the modulus of the wind speed. In the following we always assume that τ0 refers to the wavelength λ0 = 0.5 μm. The differential-exposure scintillation index (DESI) is computed for the smallest 2-cm MASS aperture as a differential index between 1 ms and 3 ms exposures. Instead of bin...

Penetration of smart grid prominently increases the complexity and uncertainty in scheduling and operation of power systems. Probability density forecasting methods can effectively quantify the uncertainty of power load forecasting. The paper proposes a short-term power load probability density forecasting method using kernel-based support vector quantile regression (KSVQR) and Copula theory. A...

This paper deals with a theoretical investigation of heat and mass transfer with thermal radiation analysis on hydromagnetic peristaltic Prandtl fluid model with porous medium through an asymmetric tapered vertical channel under the influence of gravity field. Analytical results are found for the velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, frictional force, temperature and concentration. The in...

Vegetation growing in the water along rivers has been the subject of several studies since it was recognized that it could have a significant impact on the water flow. It may increases resistance to flow and causes higher water levels. Also, it has affects on the turbulent structure such as the mean velocity profiles. For flow of water through emergent vegetation, previous investigations show d...

We fabricated a new class of supported membranes based on monolayers of artificial bola (transmembrane) lipids. The lipids used in this study are symmetric bola lipids with two phosphocholine head groups, which resemble natural archaea lipids. To prevent bending of the hydrocarbon chains, stiff triple bonds are inserted in the middle of the hydrocarbon cores. The formation of homogeneous "monol...

Monitoring the vertical profile of leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content within winter wheat canopies is of significant importance for revealing the real nutritional status of the crop. Information on the vertical profile of Chl content is not accessible to nadir-viewing remote or proximal sensing. Off-nadir or multi-angle sensing would provide effective means to detect leaf Chl content in different v...

An analytic radiative-equilibrium model is formulated where both shortand longwave radiation are treated as two-stream (downand upward) fluxes. An equilibrium state is defined in the model by the vertical temperature profile. The sensitivity of any such state to the model atmosphere’s optical properties is formulated analytically. As an example, this general formulation is applied to a single-c...