OBJECTIVE There are only limited epidemiological studies evaluating the association between vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) and outcomes. This study was designed to elucidate the outcome and prognosis of adults diagnosed with VBD by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and to ascertain if these outcomes were independent of known vascular risk factors. METHODS A cohort study was designed ...

Isolated bilateral deafness is a rare but possible symptom of vertebrobasilar ischemia, primarily due to occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries or their branch, the internal auditory artery. We reported on uncommon case of sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss without typical neurological symptoms resulting from vertebrobasilar ischemia. We performed the available examinat...

Sir, In their interesting paper on the incidence of symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis in the general population, Marquardt et al. (2009) report the results of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies of 141 patients with prior minor vertebrobasilar events, having detected 550% stenosis in 26.2% of cases. They also describe the results of carotid ultrasound studies performed on 357 patien...

Voltaire, regarded by some as a realist and by others as a cynic, remarked that 'if God did not exist it would be necessary to invent him'. One suspects that this comment is equally applicable to placental insufficiency, a concept that has similarly attracted not only faithful adherence but also bewildered agnosticism or defiant disbelief. Placental insufficiency has been largely defined in cli...

Approximately one-quarter of ischemic strokes involve the vertebrobasilar arterial system that includes the upstream flow confluence and downstream flow divergence. A patient-specific hemodynamic analysis is needed to understand the posterior circulation. The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of hemodynamic parameters in the vertebrobasilar system, based on computer tomog...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite improved patient outcomes because of intraarterial fibrinolysis, vertebrobasilar thromboembolism remains a fatal disease with a death rate of more than 50%. The outcome depends on the success of recanalization. Fibrinolysis achieves recanalization in only 50%-70% of the cases. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of using a coronary mechanical device to incr...

AIM To examine a possible relationship between the variable vascular geometry of vertebrobasilar joint angle and basilar bifurcation angle as well as the diameters of these blood vessels. METHODS The study included 60 adult patients, of both sexes, who were divided into two groups. One group (30) consisted of patients without aneurysm of vertebrobasilar tree, and another group (30) of patient...

Types of Convergence (1) Voluntary Convergence – Amount of Convergence of visual axes that can be produced at will (2) Reflex convergence Convergence of visual axes which is not under complete voluntary control and it has four components – a. Tonic convergence – Due to inherent innervational tone of extra ocular muscles. b. Fusional convergence -The convergence that is produced to ensure that s...

The prevalence of byssinosis, respiratory symptoms, acute changes of ventilatory capacity over the shift, and chronic changes of ventilatory capacity were studied in two groups of non-smoking female workers exposed to practically identical concentrations of the same type of cotton dust but for very different periods of time (16 and 4 years respectively). The prevalence of non-specific respirato...

BACKGROUND Transient isolated brainstem symptoms (eg, isolated vertigo, dysarthria, diplopia) are not consistently classified as transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and data for prognosis are limited. If some of these transient neurological attacks (TNAs) are due to vertebrobasilar ischaemia, then they should be common during the days and weeks preceding posterior circulation strokes. We aimed t...