This study employed legal and political analysis to assess the significance of European Union Charter Fundamental Rights strengthen democratic legitimacy Union. There is a lack comprehensive contribution enhance Therefore, this tried address gap by focusing on specific provisions that are designed promote participatory democracy foster closer relationship between citizens The also explored chal...

Model-based conformance testing of reactive systems consists in taking benefit from the model for mechanizing both test data generation and verdicts computation. On-line test case generation allows one to apply adaptive on-the-fly analyzes to generate the next inputs to be sent and to decide if observed outputs meet intended behaviors. On the other hand, in off-line approaches, test suites are ...

Rapid increase of misinformation online has emerged as one of the biggest challenges in this post-truth era. This has given rise to many fact-checking websites that manually assess doubtful claims. However, the speed and scale at which misinformation spreads in online media inherently limits manual verification. Hence, the problem of automatic credibility assessment has attracted great attentio...

Black and White mock jurors' sensitivity to the cross-race effect was investigated by varying the race of the eyewitness in a simulated murder trial of a Black defendant. Participants heard an audiotape of a trial after which they rendered a verdict and rated the credibility of the witnesses. White participants found the prosecution witnesses (including the eyewitness) more credible, and the de...

Graphical system design techniques like Message Sequence Chart (MSC) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) are gaining more and more acceptance because they ease the development, understanding, and maintenance of software systems. In the testing area no accepted graphical test specification and implementation techniques exist. To overcome this shortcoming, a graphical presentation format for the...

Most legal systems require jurors to consider all the evidence presented at trial. Hence when there is uncertainty over aspects of evidence this should be factored into juror judgments. Two experiments examined how mock jurors used uncertain information in their ratings of defendant guilt and final verdicts. Participants read scenarios where an eyewitness expressed uncertainty about the identit...

Human high-level cognitive decisions appear sub-optimal (Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Paradoxically, perceptuo-motor decisions appear optimal, or nearly optimal (Trommershäuser, Maloney, & Landy, 2008). Here, we highlight limitations to the comparison of performance between and within domains. These limitations are illustrated by means of two perceptuo-motor dec...

This paper presents a method to generate, analyse and represent test cases from protocol specification. The language of temporal ordering specification (LOTOS) is mapped into an extended finite state machine (EFSM). Test cases are generated from EFSM. The generated test cases are modelled as a dependence graph. Predicate slices are used to identify infeasible test cases that must be eliminated....

We tested whether an opposing expert is an effective method of educating jurors about scientific validity by manipulating the methodological quality of defense expert testimony and the type of opposing prosecution expert testimony (none, standard, addresses the other expert's methodology) within the context of a written trial transcript. The presence of opposing expert testimony caused jurors t...