— New synonymy is proposed as follows: Pityokteines Fuchs { = Orthotomides Wood), Araptus foveifrons (Schedl) { = interjectus Wood), n. comb., Cryptocarenus seriatus Eggers { = bolivianus Eggers), Hylastes gracilis LeConte {=asper Swaine), Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins {=aceris Hopkins), Scolytodes maurus (Blandford) {=Hexacolus ellipticus Eggers), Scolytus hermosus Wood {=sylvaticus Bright), ...

A checklist of the family Simuliidae (Diptera) is provided for Finland and recognizes 56 species. One new record has been added (Simuliumlatipes) and one name sunken in synonymy (Simuliumcarpathicum). Furthermore, Simuliumtsheburovae is treated as a doubtful record.

This work is a con t inua t ion o f research repor ted in the paper Mathematical Models o f S ~ n o n ~ , which was presented a t the 1965 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on Computational L i n g u i s t i c s . That paper p resen ted a h i s t o r i c a l summary of the concepts of synonymy and antonyms. I t was noted t h a t s ince the f i r s t book on Engl ish synoD S , which appeared ...

In order to automatically identify noun synonyms, we propose a new idea which opposes classical polysemous representations of words to monosemous representations based on the “one sense per discourse” hypothesis. For that purpose, we apply the attributional similarity paradigm on two levels: corpus and document. We evaluate our methodology on well-known standard multiple choice synonymy questio...

A new species of Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae), Orthosiphoncinereus A.J.Paton, sp. nov. from Angola is described and the eight species of Orthosiphon in Angola listed with reference to previous accounts. Orthosiphonnewtonii Briq. is reduced to the synonymy of Endostemontubulascens (Briq.) M.Ashby.

Hyalella faxoni Stebbing, 1903 from Costa Rica is redescribed. The species was previously in the synonymy of Hyalella azteca (Saussure, 1858). The morphological differences between these two species are discussed.

Mada andeana, a new species from the Andes is here described. Diagnostic characters are illustrated for both male and female. Mada durantae González et Gómez is here synonymized with Mada inepta (Gorham), new synonymy.

Eleven new replacement names in the genus Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 are proposed due the synonymy with Plectochorus Uchida, 1933 and Stictopisthus Thomson, 1886 made by Wahl in his cladistic analysis of the genera of Mesochorinae.

Reinholdina deelemanorum Giachino & Moravec, 2009 is a junior synonym of Parapropus neumanni Müller, 1911. The genus Reinholdina Giachino & Moravec, 2009 is placed in the synonymy with Parapropus Ganglbauer, 1899.

Zipf's law states that if words of language are ranked in the order of decreasing frequency in texts, the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank. It is very reliably observed in the data, but to date it escaped satisfactory theoretical explanation. This article suggests that Zipf's law may result from a hierarchical organization of word meanings over the semantic space, which...