The coordinated movements of epithelial tissues play vital roles in a variety of processes, from embryonic development to wound healing. The multicellular green alga Volvox carteri is a useful model organism for studying one such movement: epithelial bending [2]. During embryogenesis, the immature spheroid Volvox undergoes a process known as inversion whereby it turns itself completely inside o...

The ox-LDL generated apoptotic bodies using THP-1 macrophage is a useful tool to study foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. However, the common problem cells negative control (i.e., absence of ox-LDL) undergo apoptosis. Therefore, type culture vessel was proposed be key factor contributing were differentiated into M1 macrophages 10 ng/μL PMA, 5 LPS, and 20 IFN-? while IL-4 IL-13 used differe...