PURPOSE Although patient history is vital for the diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy, specific IgE detection is also important to identify the culprit insect and monitor the effect of immunotherapy. We evaluated the diagnostic value of serum-specific IgE detection of hymenoptera venom component allergens and documented changes in allergen-specific IgE after immunotherapy. METHODS Fifty-si...

BACKGROUND Scorpions stings are a health problem in many parts of the world. Mesobuthus eupeus (Buthidae) is the most prevalent species in the Middle East and Central Asia. Definition of toxicogenic and immunogenic characteristics of the venom is necessary to produce antidote. In this study, the noted properties of M. eupeus venom were evaluated. METHODS Venom was obtained by milking M. eupeu...

The protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract (MPE) against the cardio-respiratory depressant and neuromuscular paralytic effects induced by injection of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom in anaesthetized rats were investigated. While MPE pretreatment did not reverse the inhibitory effect of the venom on the gastrocnemius muscle excitability, it significantly attenuated...

Scatophagus argus argus (Green Scat) is a pretty aquarium fish. Its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. In this study 60 specimens of Green Scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of Boushehr (south of Iran) from May 2011 to April 2012. Anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. Scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping t...

echis carinatus (saw-scale viper) is one of the most venomous snakes in asia and some parts of the africa with deadly hemotoxic venom. it has been reported that suramin, an antitrypansomiasis drug, can inhibits the toxic effects of some snake venoms. this study was conducted to evaluate the antagonistic effects of suramin against the venom of the iranian snake echis carinatus. adult albino mice...

The venom from the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains at least 80 different proteins and possibly even more peptides or other small chemical compounds, demonstrating its appealing therapeutic application. To better understand the dynamics of the venom in mammalian cells, two high-throughput screening tools were performed. The venom induced pathways rela...

We investigated the biochemical profile of regenerated venom of the scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus in relation to its metabolic cost and toxicity. Using a closed-system respirometer, we compared oxygen consumption between milked and unmilked scorpions to determine the metabolic costs associated with the first 192 h of subsequent venom synthesis. Milked scorpions had a substantially (21%) hig...

Envenoming’s by snake bite to involve medical emergencies and its clinical management is by the administration of antivenom. As antivenom was reported to induce early or late adverse reactions against human beings, snake venom neutralizing potential for aqueous bark of Terminalia arjuna extract was tested for the present research by in vitro and in vivo methods against Naja naja venom. In vitro...

Venom from male and female specimens of the medically important Venezuelan scorpion Tityus nororientalis have been compared. Males showed a significantly higher venom yield (2.39mg/individual) compared to female scorpions (0.98mg/individual). Female venom was significantly more toxic than that of males, with a median lethal dose (LD(50)) in C57BL/6 mice of 9.46 μg venom protein/gm body weight [...

In recent years, use of biodegradable polymers based nanoparticles has received high interest in the development of vaccines delivery vehicles. The aim of study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) for loading Echis carinatus (EC) venom and evaluate their potential as an adjuvant and antigen delivery system on a pilot scale. CS NPs were prepared using ionic gelation method, and their ...