Detailed field mapping of moraines in the Sagarmatha (Everest) region of the Nepal Himalayas indicates that there are four stages of glacial advance. The Lobuche stage moraines are fresh and sparsely covered with vegetation, which contact the dirty terminus of glaciers. The Thuklha stage moraines which are covered with soil and vegetation are located just outside of the Lobuche stage moraines. ...

The exchange of groundwater and surface water (GW-SW), including dissolved constituents and energy, represents a critical yet challenging characterization problem for hydrogeologists and stream ecologists. Here we describe the use of a suite of high spatial resolution remote sensing techniques, collected using a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), to provide novel and complementary data to a...

Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important structural parameters in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, multitemporal Landsat TM images covering experiment station in the northwest mountain areas of Beijing were acquired and in-situ forest LAI was measured. By correlation analysis of three vegetation indexes (NDVI, EVI and TGDVI) and LAI, it is found that the correlation between LAI ...

In this study, an analysis of multi-temporal and multi-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar data is performed to investigate the backscatter behavior of various semantic classes in the context of flood mapping in central Europe. The focus is mainly on partially submerged vegetation such as forests and agricultural fields. The test area is located at River Saale, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, which is c...

This is a review of current studies in diversity of the flora and main vegetation types in the Brazilian Pantanal. The flora of this wetland, nearly 2,000 species, constitutes a pool of elements of wide distribution and from more or less adjacent phytogeographic provinces, such as Cerrado, dry seasonal forests, Chaco, Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. The most numerous group includes wide-distribut...

To determine the suitable indices for vegetation cover and production assessment based on the remote sensing data, simultaneous digital data with field data belonging to the spring rangeland of the Semirom-Isfahan province were analyzed. During two years of monitoring the annual, grass, forb, and shrub vegetation cover and the total production data from 86 were collected. The Global Positioning...

Land use may be regarded as one of the most important factors affecting theenvironment with respect to human activities. So far, destroying the rangelands andchanging them into the waste lands and poor rangelands has been proposed as the mostsignificant variations of land use done by human beings. This paper has been conducted toevaluate the variations of vegetation percentage and land uses in ...

LiteMapper-5600 is a new high-accuracy airborne LIDAR system for corridor and wide-area mapping of terrain and vegetation with a unique feature: it digitizes the echo waveform of each measurement. This paper outlines the system and its components, presents first samples of data that were collected recently with a prototype in flight tests, and analyzes system performance. It highlights applicat...

Wetlands are considered a challenging environment for mapping approaches based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data due to their often complex internal structures and the diverse backscattering mechanisms caused by vegetation, soil moisture and flood dynamics contributing to the resulting imagery. In this study, a time series of >100 SAR images acquired by ENVISAT during a time period of ca. ...

Droughts are natural hazards with varying patterns in space, time, and intensity. Their dynamic character challenges our ability in planning, predicting, monitoring, and providing relief to affected areas. Because of the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, we need to improve the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales. A t...