Objectives: To examine the influence of perceptions of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance on athletes’ claimed situational self-handicaps in a competitive sport setting. Perceptions of a task involving climate and self-efficacy were expected to be negatively related and perceptions of an ego-involving climate to be positively related to situational self-handicappi...

The two main purposes of the present study were to construct the self-motivational strategies scale for junior high school students, and to examine the validity of the scale. In the first study, from the result of factor analysis on the data of 449 students, eight subscales were constructed, and differences in subscale scores between grades were found. In the second study, the relationships amo...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a motivationally designed instructional text on motivation and learning. The foundation for motivational design was provided by the combination of a model of motivation in self-regulated learning and the ARCS-approach. The model of motivation is based on concepts like expectancies, incentives, and action control. The ARCS-approach included...

Despite a widespread concern with self-determined motivation (behavior is engaged in "out of pleasure" or "out of choice and valued as being important") and psychological adjustment in later life (well-being, satisfaction in life, meaning of life, or self-esteem), very little is known about the existence and nature of the links between self-determined motivation and cognitive efficiency. The ai...

The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between a set of pre-decisional beliefs including students' task value, self-e$cacy, and learning and performance goal orientations and "ve post-decisional, implementation strategies students use to regulate their e!ort and persistence for the academic tasks assigned for a speci"c class. A group of eighth grade students (N"114) completed a ...

 EFL learners may advocate the desire to have a fulfilling experience while doing tasks rather than focus solely on finishing them. However, learners' perspectives have been virtually ignored in the classroom task implementation. Thus, the current study attempted to explore the perceptions of Iranian EFL learners towards listening pre-tasks in motivational and cognitive strategies instruction a...

Patient "motivation" has been implicated as a critical component in addiction treatment outcomes. To date, treatments utilizing motivational elements have been conducted as individual interventions. We describe the development of a Group Motivational Intervention (GMI), a four-session, manual-driven group approach that employs key hypothesized motivational elements. These include the six motiva...

BACKGROUND Brain reserve, i.e., the ability of the brain to tolerate age- and disease-related changes in a way that cognitive function is still maintained, is assumed to be based on the lifelong training of various abilities. The Motivational Reserve in Alzheimer's (MoReA) is a longitudinal study that aims to examine motivational processes as a protective factor in mild Alzheimer's dementia (AD...