Besides their role as building blocks of protein, there are growing evidences that some amino acids have roles in regulating key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity. Here, we evaluated the modulatory functions of several amino acids in protective immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that glutami...

Recent data point at the similarity between the perianal and vaginal microflora in terms of Lactobacillus species involved. Bacterial vaginosis, the most common perturbation of the vaginal microflora involving primarily overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, has also been suggested to involve a recto-vaginal pathway. We addressed this issue with regard to bacteria of the Bifidobacteriaceae family...

Objective: To compare costs and QoL associated with 2 minimally invasive operations to treat uterovaginal prolapse. Study Design: A decision analytic cost-effectiveness model comparing vaginal mesh hysteropexy to robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy. Costs were derived from a hospital perspective. QoL estimates focused on: recurrent prolapse; erosion; infection; transfusion; cystotomy; chronic pain;...

Background. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the vagina is an exceedingly rare diagnosis. Current estimates are that this tumor could at most represent a mere 0.062% of malignant neoplasms in the female genital tract, although in actuality it is likely far less common. Case Presentation. A 70-year-old female gravida 3 para 2 with new onset palpable vaginal mass and pink vaginal discharge is diagnosed ...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been described as an increase in the number of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria relative to lactobacilli in the vaginal tract. Several undesirable consequences of this community shift can include irritation, white discharge, an elevated pH, and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. While the etiology of the condition remains ill ...

Introduction: Clear cell adenocarcinoma usually affects the cells of the female genital tract. In this cancer, cells become vacuolated and filled with glycogen hence it is called clear cell. This cancer is insidious and slow growing. Here we report a case of uterine prolapse with polypoidal growth in the vagina which on histopathological examination was diagnosed as a case of clear cell adenoca...

Introduction: Melanomas of the female lower genital tract are rare, but account for approximately 10% of melanomas diagnosed in women. The five-year survival rate for vaginal melanoma is low, approximating 18%. Due to the rarity of this disease and poor prognosis, there is limited information for evidencebased treatment strategies. Case Report: This case report discusses the management of a pat...

Perturbations in the prenatal and early life environment can contribute to the development of offspring stress dysregulation, a pervasive symptom in neuropsychiatric disease. Interestingly, the vertical transmission of maternal microbes to offspring and the subsequent bacterial colonization of the neonatal gut overlap with a critical period of brain development. Therefore, environmental factors...

Leiomyosarcoma accounts for only a small percentage of colorectal malignancies and remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat. Here, we describe a case of leiomyosarcoma in a middle-age female first identified on colonoscopy. The cancer had invaded the posterior vaginal wall necessitating an abdominoperineal resection with partial vaginectomy and pelvic floor reconstruction with neovagin...

Background: A genital outflow tract obstruction is an uncommon cause of primary amenorrhea. If ovulation occurs, menstrual bleeding is prevented. Patients typically present with abdominal/pelvic pain due to hematocolpos. Absence of significant hematocolpos could indicate a secondary source of primary amenorrhea and be challenging to the clinical diagnosis. Case: 17 year-old patient with primary...