The birth of a child with a reduction limb defect (RLD) was evaluated in relation to vaginal bleeding, threatened abortion, and other complications of pregnancy, placental weight, birth weight, family history, parental age, and the outcome of previous pregnancies. The material consisted of 453 cases of reduction limb defect and an equal number of non-malformed controls matched for time and plac...

Background: We investigated the composition and dynamic changes of vaginal microbiota (VM) in pregnant women who underwent vitro fertilization (IVF), as well VM relation to preterm birth. Methods: Sixteen conceived after IVF 6 naturally were recruited study. Vaginal samples from all participants collected first, second, third trimesters pregnancy (T1, T2 T3, respectively). The V3–V4 region 16S ...

OBJECTIVE This work aimed to analyze the association between maternal position at birth in spontaneous deliveries and the occurrence of anal sphincter tears (AST) given the lack of evidence related to the least traumatic birth position. STUDY DESIGN A total of 7832 vaginal deliveries were included. Vaginal-operative deliveries and deliveries with fundal pressure were excluded. Birth positions...

OBJECTIVE To determine selected maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes at repeat cesarean delivery compared with repeat vaginal delivery. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, from January 2005 to December 2008. METHODOLOGY Healthy pregnant women at 28-42 weeks of second singleton pregnancy were selected for study. Those with prev...

The index event of birth has always been viewed as the most challenging physiologic adaptation of our lives. With the emergence of microbiome science, we have appreciated yet another critical transition that occurs at birth: the fetus exits the sterile (or at least low in microbial biomass (Funkhouser and Bordenstein, 2013)) environment of the womb to enter the outer world ecosystem with abunda...

OBJECTIVES Preterm birth contributes to a range of healthcare problems amongst infants surmounting to sizeable healthcare costs. Twin pregnancies are at particular risk of preterm birth. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of vaginal progesterone gel for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies. METHODS An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a r...

INTRODUCTION The safety and effectiveness of birth center care have been demonstrated in previous studies, including the National Birth Center Study and the San Diego Birth Center Study. This study examines outcomes of birth center care in the present maternity care environment. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of women receiving care in 79 midwifery-led birth centers in 33 US stat...

Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is the most important challenge to modern obstetrics. A major obstacle has been that preterm birth is treated (implicitly or explicitly) as a single condition. Two thirds of preterm births occur after the spontaneous onset of labor, and the remaining one third after "indicated" preterm birth; however, the cau...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the current use of vaginal progesterone in women at increased risk of preterm birth among practitioners within Australia and New Zealand, and the willingness of both clinicians and women to participate in a randomised controlled trial to further evaluate the role of progesterone in preterm birth. METHODS A survey of fellows and members of the Royal Australian and...