The Mre11 complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) is a central component of the DNA damage response (DDR), governing both double-strand break repair and DDR signaling. Rad50 contains a highly conserved Zn(2+)-dependent homodimerization interface, the Rad50 hook domain. Mutations that inactivate the hook domain produce a null phenotype. In this study, we analyzed mutants with reduced hook domain functi...

In order to explore how the high-dose Hook effect is dependent on the parameters used in our model, we repeated the simulations done for the figure entitled “Reduced hook effect in cooperative (wt) calmodulin” with a range of parameter values. First, we varied all dissociation constants by factors of 10. The results (see figure 1) show that a high-dose Hook effect is observed in all the cases. ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the cost and performance of 2 types of laparoscopic instrumentation: reusable laparoscopic hook cautery instruments and curved scissors, or limited-reuse laparoscopic hook cautery instruments and curved scissors. DESIGN A randomized trial. SETTING The operating room of a tertiary care hospital. METHOD All general surgeons performing laparoscopic procedures at the hosp...

The apical hook of dark-grown dicotyledonous seedlings is a protective structure resulting from an inhibition of cell elongation on the inner portion of the hook. This differential growth response is mediated by ethylene. Expression of the gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), the terminal enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, is induced by ethylene via a positive feedback l...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomic changes in the shoulder joints responsible for omalgia after the clavicular hook plate fixation under arthroscope. METHODS Arthroscopic examination was carried out for 12 omalgia patients who underwent clavicular hook plate fixation due to distal clavicle fractures. Functional outcome of shoulder was measured by the Japanese Orth...

OBJECTIVE The short hook wire and suture marking system is a device for localization of small pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic resection. We and other authors have shown the feasibility of the marking procedure. In this study, we reviewed our recent experience to examine the problems for resecting procedure using the device and determine if the system negatively impacts the survival rates for...

PURPOSE To report results of twin hook fixation for proximal femoral fractures in comparison to those fixed with the conventional lag screw. METHODS Between August 2005 and July 2006, 2 men and 15 women aged 74 to 94 (mean, 85) years with proximal femoral fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation using the twin hook system. The tip-apex distance was compared with that in 20 pat...

The relationship between the apical hook and stem nutation in etiolated Alaska pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) seedlings was explored. The hook and maximum nutational displacement have the same plane of symmetry, and both are affected by light acting through phytochrome. However, the two processes do not appear to be obligatorily coupled. Light effects on nutation involve at least two componen...

OBJECTIVES Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) of HIV-1 gp41 are potent fusion inhibitors. We have recently demonstrated that the unique M-T hook structure preceding the pocket-binding motif of CHR peptide-based inhibitors can greatly improve their antiviral activity. In this study, we applied the M-T hook structure to optimize sifuvirtide (SFT), a potent CHR-derived inhibi...