It is obvious that a noninvasive technique that can provide continuous measurements of blood flow through a cerebral artery would be very valuable for clinical and investigative purposes. The most promising approach to the development of such a technique involves the use of ultrasound for the measurement of blood flow velocity. Since blood flow through a vessel is equal to the instantaneous ave...

CNS axons differ in diameter (d) by nearly 100-fold (∼0.1-10 μm); therefore, they differ in cross-sectional area (d(2)) and volume by nearly 10,000-fold. If, as found for optic nerve, mitochondrial volume fraction is constant with axon diameter, energy capacity would rise with axon volume, also as d(2). We asked, given constraints on space and energy, what functional requirements set an axon's ...

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) monitoring is often used alone in evaluating bronchial caliber and the response to a bronchodilator in the assessment of asthmatic subjects. A 15% change in airway caliber has been proposed as the criteria for modifying treatment. Our aim was to determine if changes in PEFR from one visit to the next can adequately evaluate changes in airway caliber as assessed ...

AIM The aim of this paper was to evaluate the caliber of the following arteries in the lower extremities: the common femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery and to determine the relation of the calibers to age, sex and morphological parameters of the body such as weight, height and BMI of the subject. MATERIAL Two hundred...

PURPOSE Wider retinal venular caliber is shown to be associated with an increased risk of stroke, and smoking is associated with a wider retinal venular caliber. However, the impact of smoking cessation on the retinal vessels has not been previously reported. We examined this issue in an adult cohort of atomic bomb survivors. METHODS In the Adult Health Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Small-vessel disease contributes to the pathophysiology of stroke, and retinal microvascular signs have been linked to the risk of stroke. We examined the relationship of retinal signs with incident stroke in a multiethnic cohort. METHODS The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants without clinical cardiovasc...

PURPOSE To describe retinal vascular caliber and correlates in people with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Population-based study. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen hundred seventy persons diagnosed to have diabetes at or after 30 years of age in an 11-county area in south central Wisconsin from 1980 to 1982. METHODS Retinal photographs of 7 standard fields were taken; light box grading was done to determine...

Sodium and potassium intake was assessed on the basis of its respective excretion levels in 24 hr urine samples. However, owing to the inconvenience of collection, we evaluated random spot urine for alternative sodium and potassium excretion markers. We included 250 patients who submitted 24 hr- and spot urine for clinical tests. However, 22 patients who showed 24 hr urine creatinine excretion ...