Introduction Research into the aetiology of calculus disease has failed to reveal the fundamental cause of stone formation, but it is apparent that various factors predispose to their development. Renal calculi are likely to occur in most diseases in which there is an increased urinary excretion of crystalloid stone-forming substances. Calcium phosphate and oxalate stones are particularly liabl...

Urolithiasis can be defined as the clinical condition where the formation of crystal aggregates in the urinary tract results in kidney stones. The presence of a kidney stone in the human body can be externalized in very different ways, it can produce no symptoms but it can be associated with several pain caused for one or some of the following symptoms: gross or microscopic hematuria, obstructi...

An oral calcium loading test was performed on 55 patients with upper urinary tract stones to find absorptive or renal hypercalciuria. The mean urinary calcium excretion level of this patient group was significantly greater than that of a control group of 10 patients without abnormal upper urinary tract. Idiopathic hypercalciuria defined as more than 250 mg per day in males and more than 200 mg ...

Bladder calculus following vesical foreign bodies is uncommon. The usual presentation is presence of lower urinary symptoms. Most of these foreign bodies are either left inadvertently after open bladder operations or migrate from adjacent structures. This is a case report of an unusual self inserted foreign body in a female presenting with bladder calculus and diverticulum. Self inserted foreig...

Extraintestinal manifestations and complications are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can involve almost any organ or system. Renal or urinary complications occur in 4-23% of patients, often in those with severe long-standing disease (Tables 1, 2). The most common manifestations are kidney stones, enterovesical fistulas and ureteral obstruction. Fistulas between the ...

Introduction: Intravenous excretory urography (IVU) has been regarded as the imaging modality of choice for the detection of urinary tract disorders in patients with acute flank pain. Functional as well as anatomical details are provided by this imaging technique. The use of ionised radiation and contrast material (CM) are considered to be the major drawbacks of IVU. Recently, the use of magnet...

Abstract
 Introduction and aim of the study: Urolithiasis is a disease involving formation deposits in lumen urinary tract. The continued development minimally invasive treatment methods allows for more effective with greater operator comfort less risk to patient. It has been concluded that retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) superior other therapeutic many respects. this study review ava...

One hundred eighty children with bladder stone disease (BSD) and 50 normal children were studied between July 1979 and June 1982. The peak age group in BSD children was between 2-4 years and the male to female ratio was 9:1. Hospital reporting of stone formers showed no significant relationship to mean monthly temperature or relative humidity.Painful micturition was the commonest clinical prese...

Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) is a common procedure in urology. However, controversy persists about how to deal with stones pushed up into kidney from the ureter during the procedure of TUL. This study investigated the efficacy of combining flexible ureteroscopy and rigid ureteroscopy for pushed-up stones into kidney during TUL. Fotry-one patients underwent TUL by a single surgeon from July 2...